A temporary support surface, deck, walkway or roadway that includes a plurality of interlocked and interconnected lightweight universal panel mats and one or more side ramps and adapters. Each panel mat is made of plastic or elastomeric material and having a first section that provides a relatively flat, textured or structured top surface to facilitate movement over the upper surface, a second section having geometry that includes a plurality of cells having top surfaces that support the first section and an optional third or bottom surface. The panel mats also have sides that are configured to matingly engage with the sides of similarly configured mats. Also, adapter elements are provided to assist with the installation of the mats. Also, the side ramps and adapters themselves are additional embodiments of the invention.

A ground cover mat includes a slab that encases a core assembly. The slab is made of a rubber material and defines a lower major surface and an upper major surface of the ground cover mat. The core assembly comprises horizontally extending boards, which may be made of wood, disposed in horizontally spaced apart, side-by-side relation with each other. The core assembly further comprises a rebar mesh, which may be made of steel, that is disposed on top of and in contact with the boards.

A ground cover mat includes a slab that encases a core assembly. The slab is made of a rubber material and defines a lower major surface and an upper major surface of the ground cover mat. The core assembly comprises horizontally extending boards, which may be made of wood, disposed in horizontally spaced apart, side-by-side relation with each other. The core assembly further comprises a rebar mesh, which may be made of steel, that is disposed on top of and in contact with the boards.

A photoelectric water-permeable pavement underground water storage automation system includes a photoelectric module, a water-permeable unit, and a water-filled structure. The photoelectric module is arranged on a ground surface and includes a base. A solar panel is mounted on a top of the base. Fixing members are provided on a bottom of the base and positioned on the water-permeable unit. A bare empty area is provided inside the base. Communication pipes are connected to and extended outward from the bare empty area to communicate with adjacent bases. The water-permeable unit is a water-permeable pavement including a frame structure formed of multiple vertical water-permeable pipes and poured with concrete slurry. The water-filled structure is an underground water storage space formed of multiple-hole hollow unit cells. A water guide layer is provided at the top of the water-filled structure buried in an underground layer below the water-permeable unit.

A lightweight universal panel mat made of plastic or elastomeric material and having a first section that provides a relatively flat, textured or structured top surface to facilitate movement over the upper surface and a second section having geometry that includes a plurality of cells having top surfaces that support the first section. The mats also include first, second, third and fourth sides forming a perimeter of the mat, wherein the first and second sides include upper structures having a sloped lower surface and the third and fourth sides include lower structures having sloped upper surfaces. The sloped surfaces are configured to allow for overlapping with sloped surfaces other like mats for interlocking therewith while forming a generally flat continuous top and bottom surface of the overlapped mats. The mats may be interlocked by a fastening member which fits in aligned openings of the adjacent mats for connection therewith.

A lightweight universal panel mat made of plastic or elastomeric material and having a first section that provides a relatively flat, textured or structured top surface to facilitate movement over the upper surface and a second section having geometry that includes a plurality of cells having top surfaces that support the first section. The mats also include first, second, third and fourth sides forming a perimeter of the mat, wherein the first and second sides include upper structures having a sloped lower surface and the third and fourth sides include lower structures having sloped upper surfaces. The sloped surfaces are configured to allow for overlapping with sloped surfaces other like mats for interlocking therewith while forming a generally flat continuous top and bottom surface of the overlapped mats. The mats may be interlocked by a fastening member which fits in aligned openings of the adjacent mats for connection therewith.

An impact-absorbing assembly includes a covering layer being one or more of artificial turf, rubber mats, polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, wood chips, and ground rubber chips. Also included is a layer of underlayment panels positioned beneath the covering layer. The panels have a panel section with a plurality of drain holes formed therethrough. A top surface of the panels is configured to support the covering layer. A bottom surface of the panels has a plurality of bottom projections that cooperate to define bottom channels suitable to permit water flow across the bottom surface, the bottom channels being in fluid communication with the panel drain holes. The bottom projections define a first spring rate characteristic that is part of a first stage and a second spring rate characteristic is part of a second stage, the first stage having a smaller volume of material than the second stage.

An impact-absorbing assembly includes a covering layer being one or more of artificial turf, rubber mats, polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, wood chips, and ground rubber chips. Also included is a layer of underlayment panels positioned beneath the covering layer. The panels have a panel section with a plurality of drain holes formed therethrough. A top surface of the panels is configured to support the covering layer. A bottom surface of the panels has a plurality of bottom projections that cooperate to define bottom channels suitable to permit water flow across the bottom surface, the bottom channels being in fluid communication with the panel drain holes. The bottom projections define a first spring rate characteristic that is part of a first stage and a second spring rate characteristic is part of a second stage, the first stage having a smaller volume of material than the second stage.

A detectable warning tile system has a tile base with an upper surface and a lower surface. The upper surface has a plurality of upward projections therefrom. The tile base has two side edges for alignment with corresponding side edges of other tiles, and front and rear edges. An area of the upper surface of the tile base is formed free of the detectable warnings and may include a trough into or over which a replaceable tile section may be placed. The tile base and/or replaceable tile section may be configured to receive one or more individually-installable detectable warnings.

A method of supporting an upright member from a support surface includes inserting an elongated carrier of an upright member support system into a hole in the support surface. A base of the support system is positioned at least partially around the carrier so the base contacts at least one upper surface of the support surface. A lock of the support system is releasably engaged with the carrier above the base and tightened down sufficient to maintain the base in contact with the support surface. The upright member is inserted into a bore of the carrier.