The invention provides a riding surface formed of a mixture of sand with stone fibers.

Methods and compositions for the installation of scientifically engineered and constructed unpaved runways are disclosed herein. The compositions are heterogeneous mixtures produced by blending aliphatic or cyclic organic compounds with binders that chemically react with gravel, aggregate, and soil particles to create permanent bonds, resulting in a strengthened and stabilized surface. When blended into the aggregate of a runway surface, the organic compounds act as a carrier fluid, distributing the binder system evenly so particles of all sizes are thoroughly and uniformly coated with the composition. Once the composition is distributed, an adhesion promoting compound reacts with constituents in the aggregate to increase the formation and strength of chemical bonds between particles.

Systems and methods for providing a running track having a reinforced base using post-tensioning are provided herein. In one exemplary configuration, the track comprises a reinforced concrete slab base that is poured over and around post-tensioning cables suspended therein. The post-tensioning cables include transverse cables that extend transversely across the base, and lengthwise cable structures extending lengthwise through the base. Each lengthwise cable structure includes a series of individual segments that are joined end-to-end to form respective continuous loops and are individually tensioned. The lengthwise cable structures thus exert compressive forces on the base that are continuous and uninterrupted about the circumferential length of the track. Moreover, the lengthwise cable segments are joined/tensioned from within voids initially formed within the concrete base and, after tensioning, these voids are filled with concrete to provide a concrete base having a uniform top surface that can also be covered in a running surface.

A running track includes a reinforced concrete slab base that is poured over and around post-tensioning cables suspended therein. The post-tensioning cables include transverse cables that extend transversely across the base, and lengthwise cable structures extending lengthwise through the base. Each lengthwise cable structure includes a series of individual segments that are joined end-to-end to form respective continuous loops and are individually tensioned. The lengthwise cable structures thus exert compressive forces on the base that are continuous and uninterrupted about the circumferential length of the track. The lengthwise cable segments are joined/tensioned from within voids initially formed within the concrete base and, after tensioning, these voids are filled with concrete to provide a concrete base having a uniform top surface that can also be covered in a running surface.

A hybrid grass support structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 710) comprising a growth medium layer (102), a stone wool layer (104) positioned below the growth medium layer, and a plurality of synthetic grass fibers (106). The growth medium layer comprises a growth medium. The synthetic grass fibers are incorporated at least into the growth medium layer.

A floor pavement structure exhibiting resistance to overheating, the floor pavement structure comprising at least one heat conductive sub-layer including graphite, graphene or combinations thereof, the heat conductive sub-layer being disposed between a top layer and a substrate. The top layer may include a phase change material.

A safety surface with an engineered shock-absorbing base. The base may include one or more engineered resilient mats. The mats may be fabricated of repurposed tire rubber. The mats may be adjoined edgewise. Adjoined mats may be coupled together. The base may overlay a surface. The base may include upward-facing pockets. Interiors of the pockets may receive loose fill. An upper layer may cover the base. The upper layer may bond to the base. The upper layer may seal the loose fill within the safety surface. The upper layer may include poured-in-place surfacing. The upper layer may be textured. The upper layer may include synthetic turf. Impact upon the upper layer may be attenuated by flexion of the base. Mats may be coupled without hardware fasteners. Exterior surfaces of pockets of one mat may be nested into complementarily contoured features of an adjoining mat.

A safety surface with an engineered shock-absorbing base. The base may include one or more engineered resilient mats. The mats may be fabricated of repurposed tire rubber. The mats may be adjoined edgewise. Adjoined mats may be coupled together. The base may overlay a surface. The base may include upward-facing pockets. Interiors of the pockets may receive loose fill. An upper layer may cover the base. The upper layer may bond to the base. The upper layer may seal the loose fill within the safety surface. The upper layer may include poured-in-place surfacing. The upper layer may be textured. The upper layer may include synthetic turf. Impact upon the upper layer may be attenuated by flexion of the base. Mats may be coupled without hardware fasteners. Exterior surfaces of pockets of one mat may be nested into complementarily contoured features of an adjoining mat.

A stabilized course sand bunker and method of making the same is disclosed. The soil making up the bunker is contoured and stabilized so that it is in the form of a pit having a downward angularly extending keyway surrounding the opening at the top edge of the pit. A semi-solid precursor material is applied over the pit and keyway and allowed to cure to form a barrier liner having a flanged anchoring portion for location under some additional soil and turf grass. Bunker sand is disposed over the barrier liner. The barrier liner when cured enables water in the bunker to pass through it, is sufficient flexible to dampen and absorb the impact of a golf ball strike, all the while stabilizing and protecting the edge of the bunker where the turf grass meets the sand in the bunker.

A stabilized course sand bunker and method of making the same is disclosed. The soil making up the bunker is contoured and stabilized so that it is in the form of a pit having a downward angularly extending keyway surrounding the opening at the top edge of the pit. A semi-solid precursor material is applied over the pit and keyway and allowed to cure to form a barrier liner having a flanged anchoring portion for location under some additional soil and turf grass. Bunker sand is disposed over the barrier liner. The barrier liner when cured enables water in the bunker to pass through it, is sufficient flexible to dampen and absorb the impact of a golf ball strike, all the while stabilizing and protecting the edge of the bunker where the turf grass meets the sand in the bunker.