A safety surface with an engineered shock-absorbing base. The base may include one or more engineered resilient mats. The mats may be fabricated of repurposed tire rubber. The mats may be adjoined edgewise. Adjoined mats may be coupled together. The base may overlay a surface. The base may include upward-facing pockets. Interiors of the pockets may receive loose fill. An upper layer may cover the base. The upper layer may bond to the base. The upper layer may seal the loose fill within the safety surface. The upper layer may include poured-in-place surfacing. The upper layer may be textured. The upper layer may include synthetic turf. Impact upon the upper layer may be attenuated by flexion of the base. Mats may be coupled without hardware fasteners. Exterior surfaces of pockets of one mat may be nested into complementarily contoured features of an adjoining mat.

A safety surface with an engineered shock-absorbing base. The base may include one or more engineered resilient mats. The mats may be fabricated of repurposed tire rubber. The mats may be adjoined edgewise. Adjoined mats may be coupled together. The base may overlay a surface. The base may include upward-facing pockets. Interiors of the pockets may receive loose fill. An upper layer may cover the base. The upper layer may bond to the base. The upper layer may seal the loose fill within the safety surface. The upper layer may include poured-in-place surfacing. The upper layer may be textured. The upper layer may include synthetic turf. Impact upon the upper layer may be attenuated by flexion of the base. Mats may be coupled without hardware fasteners. Exterior surfaces of pockets of one mat may be nested into complementarily contoured features of an adjoining mat.

A deployment apparatus for laying a traversable road covering track, the apparatus comprising a base, a spool mounted for rotation on said base, wherein a length of road covering track may be provided on said spool in a roll having a leading outer end at a first longitudinal side of said spool, the apparatus further comprising at least one substantially rigid arm that extends upwardly from said base, at a second, opposing longitudinal side of said spool, such that at least an upper end of said arm is adjacent to the outer surface of said roll, in use.

An autonomous ground maintenance system comprising a vehicle comprising a chassis supported upon a ground surface by ground support members, a container supported by the chassis, the container defining a discharge outlet operable to disperse treating material held within the container to a target area of the ground surface, a gate adapted to selectively open and close the discharge outlet, a sensor adapted to identify the target area, and an electronic controller supported by the chassis, the controller being in communication with the sensor and the gate. The controller is adapted to position the chassis at a location proximate the target area such that the discharge outlet is capable of delivering the treating material to the target area and energize the gate to open the discharge outlet.

A method for adhering a tubular body onto a surface that includes smoothing a portion of the surface to create a smoothed segment of the surface and applying a tubular body directly onto the smoothed segment of the surface after the smoothing of the portion of the surface. The surface at the smoothed segment is smoother than the remainder of the surface. The method further includes applying an uncured protectant onto the tubular body while the tubular body is on the smoothed segment of the surface and curing the uncured protectant into a cured protectant while the uncured protectant is on the tubular body on the smoothed segment of the surface. The cured protectant protectively encases and adheres the tubular body to the surface.

A ground surface treatment vehicle and systems and methods using the same. In some embodiments, the vehicle may be adapted to autonomously or semi-autonomously identify and optionally treat target areas such as divots on turf surfaces. The vehicle may identify the target area via onboard or remote sensors and autonomously treat the target area by providing a treating material such as infill, seed, particulate matter, and liquids.

A memory stores, in advance, target line information indicating an arrangement target of an object to be conveyed and related to a target line denoted by at least one of a curve or a polyline. A controller is configured to: calculate, based on the target line information, target information which is at least one of information about a target coordinate of the object and information about a target direction of the object; calculate, based on the at least one of the coordinate of the object and the direction of the object detected by the detector, detection information which is comparable with the target information; calculate a deviation of the detection information from the target information; and cause a display to display a moving direction of the object which allows the deviation to decrease.

A spool-less system for deployment, recovery and manipulation of a traversable road covering track. The system includes an arcuate guide member detachably coupled to a retaining member; the guide member and retaining member defining a volume for receiving a roll of traversable road covering; the guide member arranged to contact the roll along a first arcuate range and the retaining member configured to contact the roll along a second arcuate range; and wherein the guide member and retaining member are detachably coupleable having, a first position in which, the guide member and retaining member are separated at a first diameter whereby the roll of traversable road covering may be deployed or recovered when the host machine is in motion, and a second position in which, the guide member and retaining member are separated at a second diameter in which the roll of traversable road covering is retained.

An asphalt paving system comprising an asphalt paving machine, a plurality of dispensing shafts, and a plurality of rolls of pavement reinforcing membrane. The paving machine comprises a hopper is configured to store hot asphalt material. The plurality of dispensing shafts are mounted on the asphalt paving machine, where at least a portion of at least one dispensing shaft extends from at least one side of the paving machine, and at least a portion of at least one dispensing shaft extends to a front of the paving machine. Each roll of pavement reinforcing membrane is supported by one of the plurality of dispensing shafts. As the asphalt paving machine moves, the plurality of dispensing shafts dispense the pavement reinforcing membrane continuously beneath the asphalt paving machine and the hot asphalt material is dispensed from the hopper on top of the pavement reinforcing membrane beneath the asphalt paving machine.

An automated system for creating a road from sand, gravel or aggregate in conjunction with expandable webbing is provided in which expandable webbing and sand, gravel or aggregate may be positioned and deployed by the system to form a road surface. A series of pins may restrain and transport the webbing. An automatic welder may connect sections of webbing. A hopper, conveyor and auger may receive and distribute the sand, gravel or aggregate. The sand, gravel and aggregate may be combined with the expandable webbing and then settled into place in the ground using a vibration plate.