An artificial turf system (100) provides an existing artificial turf (102) including a plurality of existing artificial turf fibres (104) and an existing artificial turf backing (106) configured to carry the plurality of existing artificial turf fibres, a new artificial turf comprising a plurality of artificial turf fibres and an artificial turf backing layer, where the artificial turf backing layer comprises a carrier structure (302) configured to carry the plurality of artificial turf fibres, and a geogrid (114) positioned between the existing artificial turf and the backing layer of the new artificial turf.

Described herein is a perforated tactile warning device comprising a tactile panel and a porous concrete slab. The tactile panel includes perforations to allow water to pass through the tactile panel and the tactile panel is secured to the porous concrete slab such that a space exists between the tactile panel and the porous concrete slab. Further, the porous concrete slab may include channels to collect water and direct water within the porous concrete slab. Further still, where the concrete slab includes channels, the concrete slab may be nonporous and may utilize drainage holes to permit water to pass through an otherwise nonporous concrete substrate.

A paving element includes upper and lower surfaces and one or more drainage channels extending through the paving element between the upper and lower surfaces. The drainage channels include a substantially concave or cupule shaped upper portion, provided on the upper surface of the paving element, and a channel from the concave portion through to the lower surface of the bottom surface of the paving element. The drainage channels can be complete, when provided in the interior of the paving element, or partial, when provided along the sides or perimeter of the paving element. The partial channels are completed when the paving element is placed adjacent another paving element when forming a pavement. The drainage channels are adapted to facilitate the cleaning process of the channels.

An apparatus for treating water in soil-less growing systems has a container having a cross-sectional area and a height, with a first access port for liquid at an upper end, and a second access port for liquid at a lower end, and a porous matrix filling the container, the matrix comprising a hydrophilic polymer mixed with rocks and natural minerals. Water drawn from a soil-less growing system, is urged into the container through one of the liquid access ports, causes the water to flow through the matrix in the container, the water in contact with the rocks and natural minerals in the matrix, leaching elements from the matrix, and causes the water to exit the container at the other of the liquid access ports, to flow back to the soil-less growing system.

A structure has a high-impact plastic polymer tile comprising interconnected individual cells, each having an outer wall of a vertical dimension forming a closed outer periphery, and a matrix filling the cells from a lowermost extremity of the walls of the cells, to level below an uppermost extremity of the internal walls of the cells, the matrix comprising material supporting plant growth. With the tile lying on a base surface, the individual cells of the tile constrain the matrix material from horizontal translation, and wherein the walls of the cells, extending above the level of the matrix in the cells, provide support for any wheeled vehicle without disturbing the matrix.

A structural system is provided that includes at least two pavers partially defining a paved surface, the pavers partially defining a void between them. The system also includes a permeable joint located in the void between the pavers, where the permeable joint also partially defines the paved surface. The permeable joint includes a base layer formed of aggregate and bonded together with a non-cement binder, and a membrane layer formed of aggregate that is sized smaller than the aggregate of the base layer, where the aggregate of the membrane is also bonded together with a non-cement binder. The membrane is less permeable than the base layer and is located above the base layer.

The invention relates to a gutter element for draining, for example, road surfaces, which can be joined together to form a line of guttering. In order to seal off the connection, an elastic seal (30) is provided in the abutment region. In order to improve the hydraulic properties of the gutter, the cross-sectional profile of the invert (16) of the gutter (10) is substantially V-shaped. To improve sealing, the profile following the seal (30) in cross-section should be formed differently to that of the invert (16) in such a way that it has a constant maximum radius of curvature in the region of the gutter invert.

Temporary transfer stations for facilitating distribution of debris from at least one damaged area to at least one landfill may include at least one excavatable transfer station slab. The at least one transfer station slab may include at least one waterproof layer. At least one layer support frame may be provided on the at least one waterproof layer. At least one debris support layer may be provided on the at least one layer support frame. The at least one debris support layer may have at least one controlled low strength material.

A sports field comprises a base structure and a cover. The cover is at least partly permeable to fluid, especially water. The base structure comprises voids for containing fluid. The base structure forms a substantially continuous deck supporting the cover. The cover comprises or is formed by an artificial sports layer, such as artificial grass. At least a number of the voids are in fluid communication with each other. Wick elements are provided fluidly connecting at least a number of the voids with the cover for supplying fluid from the voids to the top layer.

A paving block system comprising a plurality of paving block units (A) and a plurality of paving block units (B) interlocked together to form a paving block system. The paving block units each comprise at least two channels formed along a bottom face of the paving block units. The channels of the paving block units (A) are in fluid communication with the channels of the paving block units (B) when the paving block units are interlocked together to form the paving block system configured for storage and/or drainage of fluid.