Described herein are methods for the preparation of stable semi-mature tolerogenic dendritic cells and compositions comprising such stable semi-mature tolerogenic dendritic cells. The stable semi-mature tolerogenic dendritic cells described herein and compositions thereof can be used for the establishment of immune tolerance when treating an autoimmune disease, graft rejection and/or graft-versus-host disease.

The present invention provides preparations of MSCs with important therapeutic potential. The MSC cells are non-primary cells with an antigen profile comprising less than about 1.25% CD45+ cells (or less than about 0.75% CD45+), at least about 95% CD105+ cells, and at least about 95% CD166+ cells. Optionally, MSCs of the present preparations are isogenic and can be expanded ex vivo and cryopreserved and thawed, yet maintain a stable and uniform phenotype. Methods are taught here of expanding these MSCs to produce a clinical scale therapeutic preparations and medical uses thereof.

Methods and compositions are provided for combined transplantation of a solid organ and hematopoietic cells to a recipient, where tolerance to the graft is established through development of a persistent mixed chimerism. An individual with persistent mixed chimerism, usually for a period of at least six months, is able to withdraw from the use of immunosuppressive drugs after a period of time sufficient to establish tolerance.

The invention discloses an immunomodulatory composition comprising non-culturable bacteria, a method of production and an article and an apparatus for its use and administration.

The invention provides methods for the ex-vivo expansion of CD4+CD25+ Tregs. The invention provides a method for producing ex vivo expanded Tregs that may be used to inhibit unwanted human immune responses against self-antigens or allergens. Additionally, the ex vivo expanded Tregs may provide treatment for inflammatory/autoimmune diseases.

The present invention provides a population of connective tissue derived cells that respond to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by expressing indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) for use in preventing, treating or ameliorating one or more symptoms associated with disorders in which modulation of a subject's immune system is beneficial, including, but not limited to, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, and immunologically mediated diseases including rejection of transplanted organs and tissues.

The invention provides methods for the ex-vivo expansion of CD4+CD25+ Tregs. The invention provides a method for producing ex vivo expanded Tregs that may be used to inhibit unwanted human immune responses against self-antigens or allergens. Additionally, the ex vivo expanded Tregs may provide treatment for inflammatory/autoimmune diseases.

Methods for identifying compounds that modulate the generation of regulatory T cells (Treg) in vivo and in vitro, i.e., compounds that act on the transcription factors that increase or decrease expression of Foxp3.

Provided are FLT3L-Fc fusion proteins, polynucleotides encoding such fusion proteins, expression cassettes, vectors, cells and kits comprising such fusion proteins, and methods of using.

The present application provides a method of upregulating an expression of immumodulatory cells in vitro comprising treating the immumodulatory cells with IL-25 to increase an expression of PD-L1. The present application also provides a method for treatment of immune disorders by the aforementioned methods. The present application also provides a method to suppress an expression of immumodulatory cells comprising suppressing an expression of PD-L1. The immumodulatory cells can be human monocytes or hMSCs. The present application further provides a method for treatment of immune-evasive diseases by using the aforementioned method to suppress an expression of immumodulatory cells.