Isolated cells are described that are not embryonic stem cells, not embryonic germ cells, and not germ cells. The cells can differentiate into at least one cell type of each of at least two of the endodermal, ectodermal, and mesodermal lineages. The cells do not provoke a harmful immune response. The cells can modulate immune responses. As an example, the cells can suppress an immune response in a host engendered by allogeneic cells, tissues, and organs. Methods are described for using the cells, by themselves or adjunctively, to treat subjects. For instance, the cells can be used adjunctively for immunosuppression in transplant therapy. Methods for obtaining the cells and compositions for using them also are described.

A method of treating an IL-12/23-related disease in a patient using an increasing dosing interval, comprises increasing the dosing interval of IL-12/IL-23 antibody to a patient, wherein the antibody is administered initially and after 4 weeks, after 16 weeks and after 28 weeks, and increasing the dosing interval after 28 weeks to an increased interval, e.g., every 16, 20 or 24 weeks.

Provided are compounds that target the lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 2 pathway and cells, such as immune cells, prepared in vitro with the compounds. The compounds and cells can be used to treat a number of conditions, including infectious diseases, hyperproliferative disorders, inborn errors of metabolism, chronic immunometabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, organ transplant rejection, inflammatory disorders, and chronic pain, among others.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for transplanting non-lymphoid tissues into lymphoid organs. It may be used to cultivate organ tissues including for the purpose of supplementing or reconstituting organ function. Tissues that may be propagated in this manner include but are not limited to lung, kidney, thyroid, intestine, and brain.

Provided herein are methods for expanding populations of regulatory B cells comprising engineering a population of B cells to express CD40 ligand. Also provided herein are methods of treating immune disorders with the regulatory B cells.

The present invention provides an isolated non-human placenta derived stem cell, wherein the stem cell expresses CD90 or wherein the stem cell expresses CD29. The present invention also provides a composition comprising an isolated non-human placenta derived stem cell of the invention or a population of isolated non-human placenta derived stem cells of the invention, and a carrier. The present invention also provides a composition of the invention for use in the manufacture of a medicament to reduce the incidence of rejection in a patient receiving a xenotransplant form a non-human donor. The present invention provides a method of treating a subject receiving a xenotransplant or xenotransfusion comprising the step of administering to the patient an effective amount of a non-human placenta derived stem cells.

The present invention relates to regulatory T cell and uses thereof. By their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities, regulatory T cells play a central role in peripheral tolerance and thus critically prevent the development of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. The inventors showed that Foxp3+CD4+ Tregs express high levels of LTα, which negatively regulates their immunosuppressive signature. They demonstrated that the adoptive transfer of LTα−/− Tregs in mice protects from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and attenuates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multi-organ autoimmunity and the development of CAC. The inventors also showed that by mixed bone marrow chimeras that LTα expression specifically in hematopoietic cells negatively controls the immunosuppressive signature of Tregs. In particular, the present invention relates to regulatory T cell characterized in that it does not express or expresses reduced levels of lymphotoxin alpha.

Hyperblebbing Shigella strains are generated by disrupting one or more components of the Tol-Pal system. The blebs from these strains are useful immunogens for vaccination. The individual proteins found in these blebs can also be used as immunogens.

The present invention utilizes carrier particles to present antigen peptides and proteins to the immune system in such a way as to include antigen specific tolerance. The carrier particle is designed in order to trigger an immune tolerance effect. The invention is useful for treatment of immune related disorders such as autoimmune disease, transplant rejection and allergic reactions.

A method of generating an isolated population of cells comprising anti-third party cells having a central memory T-lymphocyte (Tcm) phenotype, the cells being tolerance-inducing cells and/or endowed with anti-disease activity, and capable of homing to the lymph nodes following transplantation is disclosed. The method comprising: (a) contacting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with a third party antigen or antigens in the presence of IL-21 so as to allow enrichment of antigen reactive cells; and (b) culturing the cells resulting from step (a) in the presence of IL-21, IL-15 and IL-7 in an antigen free environment so as to allow proliferation of cells comprising the central memory T-lymphocyte (Tcm) phenotype.