During bridge construction, a form at the upper, outer edge of a bridge's outer girder, upper flange retains concrete slurry poured on the bridge's deck. The girder is cast with extended upper flanges, and the form is precast integrally with the flange. The improved girder may eliminate the need for a construction worker walkway.

An intelligent reinforcing support for reinforced concrete low-box girder and method for minimally invasive reinforcement, including first main body, second main body, one-way rotation support structure, one-way lifting structure and control device; first and second main bodies arranged up and down, first main body used to transfer load on bridge deck to second main body, second main body used to transfer load to bottom plate, lower part of first main body inserted into second main body and matched with second main body through one-way lifting structure; outer wall of upper part of first main body and outer wall of second main body respectively provided with one-way rotation support structure and automatic lock, automatic lock connected to lock catch of corresponding one-way rotation support structure, communicated with control device, automatic lock unlocks after receiving instruction, supporting rod of first main body moves upwards, supporting rod of second main body moves downwards.

An intelligent reinforcing support for reinforced concrete low-box girder and method for minimally invasive reinforcement, including first main body, second main body, one-way rotation support structure, one-way lifting structure and control device; first and second main bodies arranged up and down, first main body used to transfer load on bridge deck to second main body, second main body used to transfer load to bottom plate, lower part of first main body inserted into second main body and matched with second main body through one-way lifting structure; outer wall of upper part of first main body and outer wall of second main body respectively provided with one-way rotation support structure and automatic lock, automatic lock connected to lock catch of corresponding one-way rotation support structure, communicated with control device, automatic lock unlocks after receiving instruction, supporting rod of first main body moves upwards, supporting rod of second main body moves downwards.

A combined plate-beam unit analysis method considering a residual stress effect of an orthotropic plate, which is used for analyzing an orthotropic steel bridge deck welded by a top plate of a bridge deck and a trapezoidal rib, the top plate of the bridge deck is analyzed by a flat shell unit, while each sub-plate forming a trapezoidal rib is analyzed by a plate-beam unit. The welding residual stress of a top plate and a trapezoidal rib is obtained by a residual stress self-balancing condition, and the initial deformation of a top plate and left and right web plates of a trapezoidal rib is obtained by the stress-strain relationship. The combined plate-beam unit analysis method has the advantages of less freedom and high calculation accuracy, so it is especially suitable for structural analysis of the trapezoidal rib orthotropic plates.

A combined plate-beam unit analysis method considering a residual stress effect of an orthotropic plate, which is used for analyzing an orthotropic steel bridge deck welded by a top plate of a bridge deck and a trapezoidal rib, the top plate of the bridge deck is analyzed by a flat shell unit, while each sub-plate forming a trapezoidal rib is analyzed by a plate-beam unit. The welding residual stress of a top plate and a trapezoidal rib is obtained by a residual stress self-balancing condition, and the initial deformation of a top plate and left and right web plates of a trapezoidal rib is obtained by the stress-strain relationship. The combined plate-beam unit analysis method has the advantages of less freedom and high calculation accuracy, so it is especially suitable for structural analysis of the trapezoidal rib orthotropic plates.

A construction module for a structure, comprising: a formwork member that includes a base, a pair of parallel side walls that extend upwardly from the base, and a pair of parallel end walls. The base, the side walls and the end walls define a cavity for reinforcement and concrete. A reinforcement member includes an upper portion and a lower portion. When the reinforcement member is located in the cavity and concrete fills the cavity, the lower portion of the reinforcement member and the concrete define an elongate beam.

A construction module for a structure, comprising: a formwork member that includes a base, a pair of parallel side walls that extend upwardly from the base, and a pair of parallel end walls. The base, the side walls and the end walls define a cavity for reinforcement and concrete. A reinforcement member includes an upper portion and a lower portion. When the reinforcement member is located in the cavity and concrete fills the cavity, the lower portion of the reinforcement member and the concrete define an elongate beam.

Folded plate girders can be connected end to end to form a cambered girder, wherein a connector system including a peripheral connecting flange secures adjacent girders in series at the desired camber arc or angle.

Folded plate girders can be connected end to end to form a cambered girder, wherein a connector system including a peripheral connecting flange secures adjacent girders in series at the desired camber arc or angle.

The invention relates to a traveller (1) for the construction of engineering works, comprising two structures, namely: a securing structure (2) for securing to the already built engineering work, and a working structure (3) on which construction of the work advances. The traveller is characterized in that the securing structure (2) comprises: a first end ring (6) and a second middle ring (7), both of said rings (6, 7) being coupled to the periphery of the section (27) of the already built work; at least one transom bar (9) that joins the end ring (6) and the middle ring (7) on the side of the carriage (1); and connecting elements between the end ring (6) and the middle ring (7). The working structure (3) comprises exterior formwork (25) and floor formwork (23).