This invention discloses the process for lyophilization of the treated cells which comprises the use of a solution containing Trehalose along with amphipathic polymer Polyvinylpyrrolidone. Further the invention discloses the process treating cancer cells, freezing, lyophilizing and reconstituting. Immunomodulator treated dead, but intact cancerous cells were recovered, which can subsequently be used for cancer immunotherapy.

This invention discloses the process for lyophilization of the treated cells which comprises the use of a solution containing Trehalose along with amphipathic polymer Polyvinylpyrrolidone. Further the invention discloses the process treating cancer cells, freezing, lyophilizing and reconstituting. Immunomodulator treated dead, but intact cancerous cells were recovered, which can subsequently be used for cancer immunotherapy.

ID Protein targeted cancer immunotherapy. The invention provides a cell-based attenuated live tumor cell vaccine that safely produces broad cellular tumor-specific immunity, protects against tumor formation in prophylactic tumor models, and in combination with the clinically relevant immune modulator s such as antibodies to CTLA-4 or antibodies to PD-L1 can destroy established tumors in mammals.

The present invention relates to a method for inducing production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The method includes administering, to an individual, a composition including adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying a hPGIS gene coding for human prostacyclin synthase (hPGIS) which synthesizes prostaglandin I.sub.2 (PGI.sub.2).

Compositions and methods for cancer treatment are disclosed herein. More specifically, the present invention describes an autologous cancer vaccine genetically modified for Furin knockdown and GM-CSF expression. The vaccine described herein attenuates the immunosuppressive activity of TGF-β through the use of bi-functional shRNAs to knock down the expression of furin in cancer cells, and to segment tumor antigen expression, presentation, and processing through expression of the GM-CSF transgene.

Compositions and methods for cancer treatment are disclosed herein. More specifically, the present invention describes an autologous cancer vaccine genetically modified for Furin knockdown and GM-CSF expression. The vaccine described herein attenuates the immunosuppressive activity of TGF-β through the use of bi-functional shRNAs to knock down the expression of furin in cancer cells, and to segment tumor antigen expression, presentation, and processing through expression of the GM-CSF transgene.

It is intended to develop a technique that can reproduce a microenvironment of cancer tissue and to construct a novel drug discovery screening system of high precision. It is also intended to provide a method for reconstituting human cancer tissue using primary human cancer cells that retain the properties of human tumor. The present invention provides a reconstituted cancer organoid reproducing a cancer microenvironment. The present invention also provides a method for preparing a cancer organoid from cancer tissue, a xenograft prepared from the cancer organoid, a method for preparing the xenograft, a method for evaluating treatment resistance of cancer, a method for evaluating invasion or metastasis of cancer, a method for evaluating recurrence of cancer, and a method for conducting prognostic prediction of cancer.

It is intended to develop a technique that can reproduce a microenvironment of cancer tissue and to construct a novel drug discovery screening system of high precision. It is also intended to provide a method for reconstituting human cancer tissue using primary human cancer cells that retain the properties of human tumor. The present invention provides a reconstituted cancer organoid reproducing a cancer microenvironment. The present invention also provides a method for preparing a cancer organoid from cancer tissue, a xenograft prepared from the cancer organoid, a method for preparing the xenograft, a method for evaluating treatment resistance of cancer, a method for evaluating invasion or metastasis of cancer, a method for evaluating recurrence of cancer, and a method for conducting prognostic prediction of cancer.

In some embodiments, methods of treating cancer, including metastatic cancers, cancers that are resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and cancers that do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy or have acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy are disclosed.

In some embodiments, methods of treating cancer, including metastatic cancers, cancers that are resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and cancers that do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy or have acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy are disclosed.