A method of generating an isolated population of cells comprising anti-third party cells having a central memory T-lymphocyte (Tcm) phenotype, the cells being tolerance-inducing cells and/or endowed with anti-disease activity, and capable of homing to the lymph nodes following transplantation is disclosed. The method comprising: (a) contacting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with a third party antigen or antigens in the presence of IL-21 so as to allow enrichment of antigen reactive cells; and (b) culturing the cells resulting from step (a) in the presence of IL-21, IL-15 and IL-7 in an antigen free environment so as to allow proliferation of cells comprising the central memory T-lymphocyte (Tcm) phenotype.

Disclosed herein are methods for treating osteoarthritis may be a one-step arthroscopic procedure and may include detaching synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the synovium using a brush device; covering articular cartilage in an affected joint with a scaffold; and placing concentrated MSC exosomes into the affected joint to stimulate differentiation of synovial MSCs into articular cartilage cells.

Disclosed herein are methods for treating osteoarthritis may be a one-step arthroscopic procedure and may include detaching synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the synovium using a brush device; covering articular cartilage in an affected joint with a scaffold; and placing concentrated MSC exosomes into the affected joint to stimulate differentiation of synovial MSCs into articular cartilage cells.

The present disclosure relates to a method of improving cognitive function in a subject. The method includes implanting group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in a cranium of a subject, where the ILC2 was treated with an ILC2 activator. The present disclosure further relates to a method including selecting a subject having aging-associated cognitive decline and administering to the subject an activator of innate lymphoid cell activity under conditions effective to promote innate lymphoid cell activity. The present disclosure further relates to a method of improving cognition in a subject. The method includes selecting a subject having aging-associated cognitive decline and administering to the subject a cytokine selected from the group consisting of IL-33, IL-5, IL-7, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin.

The present disclosure relates to a method of improving cognitive function in a subject. The method includes implanting group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in a cranium of a subject, where the ILC2 was treated with an ILC2 activator. The present disclosure further relates to a method including selecting a subject having aging-associated cognitive decline and administering to the subject an activator of innate lymphoid cell activity under conditions effective to promote innate lymphoid cell activity. The present disclosure further relates to a method of improving cognition in a subject. The method includes selecting a subject having aging-associated cognitive decline and administering to the subject a cytokine selected from the group consisting of IL-33, IL-5, IL-7, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin.

The current disclosure provides for methods of promoting differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into thymic epithelial cells or thymic epithelial cell progenitors as well as the cells obtained from the methods, and solutions, compositions, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such cells. The current disclosure also provides for methods of using the thymic epithelial cells or thymic epithelial cell progenitors for treatment and prevention of disease, generating organs, as well as other uses, and kits.

The current disclosure provides for methods of promoting differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into thymic epithelial cells or thymic epithelial cell progenitors as well as the cells obtained from the methods, and solutions, compositions, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such cells. The current disclosure also provides for methods of using the thymic epithelial cells or thymic epithelial cell progenitors for treatment and prevention of disease, generating organs, as well as other uses, and kits.

Compounds having the following Formula I and/or Formula II and methods of their use and preparation are disclosed: ##STR00001##

Compounds having the following Formula I and/or Formula II and methods of their use and preparation are disclosed: ##STR00001##

The invention provides methods of modulating follicular regulatory T (TFR) cell-mediated immune responses and the use of those methods in the treatment of diseases or conditions such as viral, bacterial, pathogenic, or fungal infections or cancer. Such methods provide for boosting of antibody production through the use of IL-21 to overcome TFR cell suppression of antibody production.