The present invention provides a method for the normalized culturing of corneal endothelial cells. More specifically, the present invention provides a culture-normalizing-agent of a corneal endothelial cell, comprising a fibrosis inhibitor. In detail, the present invention provides a culture-normalizing agent comprising a transforming growth factor (TGF) β signal inhibitor. The present invention also provides a culture medium for culturing a corneal endothelial cell normally, which comprises the culture-normalizing agent according to the present invention and corneal endothelium culture components. The present invention also provides a method for culturing a corneal endothelial cell normally, comprising the step of culturing a corneal endothelial cell using the culture-normalizing agent according to the present invention or the culture medium according to the present invention.

The present invention provides a method for the normalized culturing of corneal endothelial cells. More specifically, the present invention provides a culture-normalizing-agent of a corneal endothelial cell, comprising a fibrosis inhibitor. In detail, the present invention provides a culture-normalizing agent comprising a transforming growth factor (TGF) β signal inhibitor. The present invention also provides a culture medium for culturing a corneal endothelial cell normally, which comprises the culture-normalizing agent according to the present invention and corneal endothelium culture components. The present invention also provides a method for culturing a corneal endothelial cell normally, comprising the step of culturing a corneal endothelial cell using the culture-normalizing agent according to the present invention or the culture medium according to the present invention.

Described herein is the use of CSF, more particularly external CSF or CSF-like compositions for the treatment and prevention of different diseases. More particularly, the application provides for the administration of CSF to the intrathecal space or the cerebral ventricles of a patient to increase intracranial pressure and/or CSF flow.

Described herein is the use of CSF, more particularly external CSF or CSF-like compositions for the treatment and prevention of different diseases. More particularly, the application provides for the administration of CSF to the intrathecal space or the cerebral ventricles of a patient to increase intracranial pressure and/or CSF flow.

The present disclosure relates to methods of treating a human subject having a condition mediated by a deficiency in myelin and methods of increasing oligodendrocyte production from human glial progenitor cells. These methods involve selecting a human subject having a condition mediated by a deficiency in myelin or providing a population of human glial progenitor cells and administering to the subject or the population of human glial progenitor cells one or modulators of a cell signaling pathway selected from the group consisting of Notch signaling, cAMP signaling, CIP2A signaling, RXRA signaling, TCF7L2 signaling, and combinations thereof under conditions effective to treat the condition or increase oligodendrocyte production.

The present disclosure relates to methods of treating a human subject having a condition mediated by a deficiency in myelin and methods of increasing oligodendrocyte production from human glial progenitor cells. These methods involve selecting a human subject having a condition mediated by a deficiency in myelin or providing a population of human glial progenitor cells and administering to the subject or the population of human glial progenitor cells one or modulators of a cell signaling pathway selected from the group consisting of Notch signaling, cAMP signaling, CIP2A signaling, RXRA signaling, TCF7L2 signaling, and combinations thereof under conditions effective to treat the condition or increase oligodendrocyte production.

Provided are a method of overexpressing a target gene and/or a method of reprogramming cells, the method including steps of (a) introducing a vector into cells, into which vector a promoter and a target gene are inserted; and (b) applying an electromagnetic wave to the cells obtained in the step (a), and a method of treating a disease using the method.

When the method of overexpressing a target gene using the electromagnetic wave-reactive promoter of the present disclosure is used, it is possible to artificially regulate expression levels of desired target genes in a simple manner in vivo and in vitro and to regulate expression of the target genes until a desired predetermined time.

Provided are a method of overexpressing a target gene and/or a method of reprogramming cells, the method including steps of (a) introducing a vector into cells, into which vector a promoter and a target gene are inserted; and (b) applying an electromagnetic wave to the cells obtained in the step (a), and a method of treating a disease using the method.

When the method of overexpressing a target gene using the electromagnetic wave-reactive promoter of the present disclosure is used, it is possible to artificially regulate expression levels of desired target genes in a simple manner in vivo and in vitro and to regulate expression of the target genes until a desired predetermined time.

The present disclosure provides methods of lineage specific differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells, into floor plate midbrain progenitor cells, determined dopamine (DA) neuron progenitor cells, and/or DA neurons. Also provided are compositions uses thereof, such as for treating neurodegenerative diseases and conditions, including Parkinson's disease.

The present disclosure provides methods of lineage specific differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells, into floor plate midbrain progenitor cells, determined dopamine (DA) neuron progenitor cells, and/or DA neurons. Also provided are compositions uses thereof, such as for treating neurodegenerative diseases and conditions, including Parkinson's disease.