Embodiments of the present invention relate to a caliper and method for mapping the dimensions and topography of a formation such as the sidewall of a borehole. Examples of formations in which embodiments of the invention can be used include, but are not limited to, an oil, gas, pile borehole or barrette that has been drilled or excavated into the earth.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a caliper and method for mapping the dimensions and topography of a formation such as the sidewall of a borehole. Examples of formations in which embodiments of the invention can be used include, but are not limited to, an oil, gas, pile borehole or barrette that has been drilled or excavated into the earth.

A method can include receiving fluid saturation data for fluid saturation parameters associated with permeabilities of a multidimensional spatial model of a geologic environment; adjusting at least a portion of the fluid saturation data to provide adjusted fluid saturation data by optimizing a quadratic function subject to linear constraints; and simulating flow of fluid using the adjusted fluid saturation data for fluid saturation parameters associated with permeabilities and the multidimensional spatial model of the geologic environment.

In a piling construction management method a support strength of a hole bottom is measured with a penetration testing device before erecting a piling in a piling hole. The piling is erected in the piling hole when the measurement is at least a prescribed value. The penetration testing device has a knocking block with an integrated penetration shaft and the block is struck by a drive hammer in free-fall. The penetration testing device determines the support strength from the number of impacts required for the penetration shaft to penetrate to a prescribed depth from the hole bottom.

In a piling construction management method a support strength of a hole bottom is measured with a penetration testing device before erecting a piling in a piling hole. The piling is erected in the piling hole when the measurement is at least a prescribed value. The penetration testing device has a knocking block with an integrated penetration shaft and the block is struck by a drive hammer in free-fall. The penetration testing device determines the support strength from the number of impacts required for the penetration shaft to penetrate to a prescribed depth from the hole bottom.

The invention relates to an anchoring device wherein a positioning plate (5), intended for bearing on the ground surface, is mounted onto a hollow rod (2). The rod consecutively supports, from the positioning plate (5) to the free end (22), at least one helical force disk (6) then one helical penetration disk (8). Said anchoring device is characterized in that the rod extends after the helical penetration disk opposite the plate (5). Said anchoring device is moreover characterized in that a bit (4) is placed on the free end of said rod so that a first portion of the rod (2), capable of being screwed into at least one first ground layer, extends from the plate (5) to the helical penetration disk and moreover so that a second portion of the rod (2), capable of being anchored in a second ground layer, extends from the helical penetration disk (8) to the bit (4).

The invention relates to an anchoring device wherein a positioning plate (5), intended for bearing on the ground surface, is mounted onto a hollow rod (2). The rod consecutively supports, from the positioning plate (5) to the free end (22), at least one helical force disk (6) then one helical penetration disk (8). Said anchoring device is characterized in that the rod extends after the helical penetration disk opposite the plate (5). Said anchoring device is moreover characterized in that a bit (4) is placed on the free end of said rod so that a first portion of the rod (2), capable of being screwed into at least one first ground layer, extends from the plate (5) to the helical penetration disk and moreover so that a second portion of the rod (2), capable of being anchored in a second ground layer, extends from the helical penetration disk (8) to the bit (4).

Embodiments of the disclosure provide a cone penetrometer test sounding system (CPTSS) and methods of operation. The CPTSS comprises an upper clamp and a lower clamp in a vertical orientation such that a rod string may span both the upper and lower clamp assemblies. The upper clamp assembly may work in cooperation with the lower clamp assembly to continuously push the rod string comprising a cone penetrometer into the ground to test the ground soil. The upper clamp assembly may clamp the rod string and push the cone penetrometer into the ground while the lower clamp assembly moves upward while not engaged with the rod string. The lower clamp assembly may then engage the rod string while the upper clamp assembly disengages the rod string, and the lower clamp assembly then pushes the cone penetrometer into the ground in a hand-over-hand method.

Disclosed herein is an experiment apparatus for estimating ground deformation during gas hydrate recovery. The experiment apparatus may include: a high-pressure cell having a space in which a sample containing gas hydrate is stored; a recovery member inserted into the sample so as to recover the gas hydrate contained in the sample to the outside; and a transparent region formed at one or more parts facing the space of the high-pressure cell, such that the sample stored in the space is observed from outside.

Disclosed herein is an experiment apparatus for estimating ground deformation during gas hydrate recovery. The experiment apparatus may include: a high-pressure cell having a space in which a sample containing gas hydrate is stored; a recovery member inserted into the sample so as to recover the gas hydrate contained in the sample to the outside; and a transparent region formed at one or more parts facing the space of the high-pressure cell, such that the sample stored in the space is observed from outside.