A method for improving the mechanical and hydraulic characteristics of soils, including a step of providing tension members or nails which have an anchoring portion anchored in the soil to be improved and a second end portion fixed substantially at the surface of the soil to be improved; and a step of injecting cement mixtures or synthetic mixtures into the volume of soil to be improved below the surface. The mixture injection step is performed after providing the tension members or nails.

A method for improving the mechanical and hydraulic characteristics of soils, including a step of providing tension members or nails which have an anchoring portion anchored in the soil to be improved and a second end portion fixed substantially at the surface of the soil to be improved; and a step of injecting cement mixtures or synthetic mixtures into the volume of soil to be improved below the surface. The mixture injection step is performed after providing the tension members or nails.

A building foundation structure includes a ground improved body obtained by improving a surface layer ground, and foundation concrete placed on the ground improved body on site. The foundation concrete located below a building pillar has an upper part and a lower part having different shapes. The lower part has a reverse trapezoidal sectional shape in a cross section taken along a vertical plane including a horizontal direction perpendicular to a horizontal line connecting building pillars adjacent to each other. The upper part has a brim portion protruding in the first horizontal direction from a side edge at an upper end in the sectional shape of the lower part.

A building foundation structure includes a ground improved body obtained by improving a surface layer ground, and foundation concrete placed on the ground improved body on site. The foundation concrete located below a building pillar has an upper part and a lower part having different shapes. The lower part has a reverse trapezoidal sectional shape in a cross section taken along a vertical plane including a horizontal direction perpendicular to a horizontal line connecting building pillars adjacent to each other. The upper part has a brim portion protruding in the first horizontal direction from a side edge at an upper end in the sectional shape of the lower part.

A method for altering a characteristic of the ground. The method comprises the steps of preparing a lignocellulosic material, suspending the lignocellulosic material in a slurry to create a lignocellulosic slurry, and creating a fluid movement of the lignocellulosic slurry. The method further includes the steps of resuspending a portion of the lignocellulosic slurry with the fluid movement; and injecting the lignocellulosic slurry below the surface of the ground.

A thin-slotting lifting synchronous grouting device and its usage method are provided. The device includes a hollow force-bearing column through which a feeding pipe passes; wherein: left and right cutting plates are respectively fixedly arranged on each side of the hollow force-bearing column; a left connecting plate is fixedly arranged on an outside of the left cutting plate; a right guiding column is fixedly arranged on an outside of the right cutting plate; center lines of the left connecting plate, the right guiding column and the hollow force-bearing column are in a same plane; a top end of to the feeding pipe is connected to a grouting device, and a bottom end is connected to a spraying device; a spraying nozzle of the spraying device stretches out along the hollow force-bearing column; and a lower end of the hollow force-bearing column is connected with a disposable conical head.

A thin-slotting lifting synchronous grouting device and its usage method are provided. The device includes a hollow force-bearing column through which a feeding pipe passes; wherein: left and right cutting plates are respectively fixedly arranged on each side of the hollow force-bearing column; a left connecting plate is fixedly arranged on an outside of the left cutting plate; a right guiding column is fixedly arranged on an outside of the right cutting plate; center lines of the left connecting plate, the right guiding column and the hollow force-bearing column are in a same plane; a top end of to the feeding pipe is connected to a grouting device, and a bottom end is connected to a spraying device; a spraying nozzle of the spraying device stretches out along the hollow force-bearing column; and a lower end of the hollow force-bearing column is connected with a disposable conical head.

A track-type shotcrete integrated system includes: a proportioner working bin, a storage bin, a power bin, and load-bearing legs, wherein bottom sections of the load-bearing legs are equipped with a track chassis for moving, and the track chassis is electrically connected to a track controller; the storage bin contains a storage tank I and a storage tank II for storing different raw materials; a feed pump I is installed on a top of the storage tank I, and a feed pump II is installed on a top of the storage tank II; inlet pipes of the feed pump I and the feed pump II insert into the storage tank I and storage tank II respectively, and outlet pipes of the feed pump I and the feed pump II are connected to a feed pipe I and a feed pipe II respectively.

Soil inclusions (30) comprising an elongated, cured cementitious columnar body (72) are located within the soil (32) and include a tubular perforate structural reinforcement (56a, 56b) embedded within the body (72), with portions of the body exuded through the perforations (57) of the structural reinforcement (56a, 56b). The inclusions (30) are formed by driving a tubular mandrel (44) through vibratory means into the soil (32), with a flexible, tubular, perforate reinforcement (56a, 56b) about the exterior surface of the mandrel (44). When the mandrel (44) is fully driven, it is withdrawn, and simultaneously cementitious material (70) is injected into the mandrel (44). The material (70) exudes through the perforations (57) to complete the inclusion (30), which is deformation compliant. The inclusions may be installed in vertical or non-vertical orientations.

Soil inclusions (30) comprising an elongated, cured cementitious columnar body (72) are located within the soil (32) and include a tubular perforate structural reinforcement (56a, 56b) embedded within the body (72), with portions of the body exuded through the perforations (57) of the structural reinforcement (56a, 56b). The inclusions (30) are formed by driving a tubular mandrel (44) through vibratory means into the soil (32), with a flexible, tubular, perforate reinforcement (56a, 56b) about the exterior surface of the mandrel (44). When the mandrel (44) is fully driven, it is withdrawn, and simultaneously cementitious material (70) is injected into the mandrel (44). The material (70) exudes through the perforations (57) to complete the inclusion (30), which is deformation compliant. The inclusions may be installed in vertical or non-vertical orientations.