This publication relates to a shallow water terminal, preferably for storing and loading or unloading hydrocarbons, such as LNG, oil or gas. The base structure comprises a floatable, and removable seabed substructure (10) intended to be supported by a seabed (30), the seabed substructure (10) comprising a base structure (11) provided preferably with an upwards extending wall structure (22), arranged along at least a part of the periphery of the base structure (11), the base structure (10) preferably also being provided with an opening (23) in the wall structure (22) for allowing the floatable module to be berthed in and supported by the seabed substructure (10). The base structure (10) is provided with strong points (24) configured to receive the ends of preinstalled vertical piles (14) for at least temporary support of the base structure (11) during a piling operation for permanent piling of the base structure (10) to the sea bed (30). The publication also relates to a method for piling a base structure on or above a seabed (30).

The disclosure provides novel means and methods for the repair of water caissons in situ, for example at sea. The method generally includes providing a woven composite sock inside the caisson. The method further includes inserting a calibration tube into the composite sock within the caisson. The calibration tube can be filled with a pressurised fluid, preferably water, to pressurise the sock against the internal walls of the caisson. The sock can be infused with an epoxy resin. The resin is preferably water-curable. The composite sock can be allowed to cure with the calibration tube in place. The calibration tube can apply pressure to press the composite sock against the inner wall of the caisson. Once the composite matrix has cured to form a cured composite liner for the caisson, the calibration tube can be removed.

The disclosure provides novel means and methods for the repair of water caissons in situ, for example at sea. The method generally includes providing a woven composite sock inside the caisson. The method further includes inserting a calibration tube into the composite sock within the caisson. The calibration tube can be filled with a pressurised fluid, preferably water, to pressurise the sock against the internal walls of the caisson. The sock can be infused with an epoxy resin. The resin is preferably water-curable. The composite sock can be allowed to cure with the calibration tube in place. The calibration tube can apply pressure to press the composite sock against the inner wall of the caisson. Once the composite matrix has cured to form a cured composite liner for the caisson, the calibration tube can be removed.

A shallow water seabed terminal for storing and loading or unloading hydrocarbons, such as LNG, oil or gas, includes a removable floatable module and a removable seabed substructure intended to be supported by a seabed. The floatable module is releasably fixed to the seabed substructure so that a harbour terminal is formed. The seabed substructure includes a base structure provided with buoyancy devices, a wall structure extending upwardly from the base structure and arranged along at least a part of the periphery of the base structure. The base structure is also provided with an opening in the wall structure for allowing the floatable module to be berthed in and supported by the seabed substructure. The base structure is provided with a submerged beam or base slab structure which extends laterally out from the vertical wall structure and is configured to support the floatable module.

A shallow water seabed terminal for storing and loading or unloading hydrocarbons, such as LNG, oil or gas, includes a removable floatable module and a removable seabed substructure intended to be supported by a seabed. The floatable module is releasably fixed to the seabed substructure so that a harbour terminal is formed. The seabed substructure includes a base structure provided with buoyancy devices, a wall structure extending upwardly from the base structure and arranged along at least a part of the periphery of the base structure. The base structure is also provided with an opening in the wall structure for allowing the floatable module to be berthed in and supported by the seabed substructure. The base structure is provided with a submerged beam or base slab structure which extends laterally out from the vertical wall structure and is configured to support the floatable module.

A caisson block construction method, including: manufacturing a plurality of bottom caisson blocks having a plurality of first unit compartments disposed consecutively in a horizontal direction; manufacturing a plurality of upper caisson blocks having a plurality of second unit compartments; forming a bottom caisson block structure by installing the plurality of bottom caisson blocks side by side in the horizontal direction; installing the plurality of upper caisson blocks above the installed bottom caisson blocks; filling with rubble the second unit compartment of the upper caisson block positioned above the first unit compartment for rubble and exposed upward; inserting a vertical reinforcing bar module after the upper caisson blocks are installed; and forming a vertical concrete column for joining by casting concrete into the upper part of the second unit compartment in which the vertical reinforcing bar module is inserted.

A caisson block construction method, including: manufacturing a plurality of bottom caisson blocks having a plurality of first unit compartments disposed consecutively in a horizontal direction; manufacturing a plurality of upper caisson blocks having a plurality of second unit compartments; forming a bottom caisson block structure by installing the plurality of bottom caisson blocks side by side in the horizontal direction; installing the plurality of upper caisson blocks above the installed bottom caisson blocks; filling with rubble the second unit compartment of the upper caisson block positioned above the first unit compartment for rubble and exposed upward; inserting a vertical reinforcing bar module after the upper caisson blocks are installed; and forming a vertical concrete column for joining by casting concrete into the upper part of the second unit compartment in which the vertical reinforcing bar module is inserted.

A foundation is for an offshore structure. The foundation includes a wall forming a closed perimeter and a top deck attached to the upper end of the wall, wherein the wall and the top deck define a downwardly open hollow space. The wall includes a plurality of wall sections. Each wall section has a first elongated hollow body and a second elongated hollow body arranged inside the first elongated hollow body. The lower end of the first elongated hollow body is closed by an end member that is provided with an opening through which the lower end of the second elongated hollow body is arranged to extend. A method is for installing a foundation into the ground.

A device for protecting against the scouring of granular fillings submerged in gravity structures in which a filling with granular materials must be deposited once the structures are submerged, so that the structures reach a weight sufficient to en sure the stability thereof against the actions to which they are subjected. The device consists of one or more porous covers that sit and/or are secured as an upper closure of the structure to protect the inner filling, each of the covers having a plurality of openings that are distributed on the surface thereof and have a size suitable to allow the passage of the filling material, which filling material is transferred to the inside of the structure simply by pouring until a height close to the cover is reached, leaving a margin or chamber between the two that is suitable for generating an internal turbulence that dissipates wave energy and incident currents, thereby making it difficult for the filling material to escape from the inside through the openings.

A device for protecting against the scouring of granular fillings submerged in gravity structures in which a filling with granular materials must be deposited once the structures are submerged, so that the structures reach a weight sufficient to en sure the stability thereof against the actions to which they are subjected. The device consists of one or more porous covers that sit and/or are secured as an upper closure of the structure to protect the inner filling, each of the covers having a plurality of openings that are distributed on the surface thereof and have a size suitable to allow the passage of the filling material, which filling material is transferred to the inside of the structure simply by pouring until a height close to the cover is reached, leaving a margin or chamber between the two that is suitable for generating an internal turbulence that dissipates wave energy and incident currents, thereby making it difficult for the filling material to escape from the inside through the openings.