A monolayer multi-axial integral geogrid suitable for stabilizing aggregate includes a plurality of interconnected oriented strands and partially oriented junctions forming a repeating pattern of outer hexagons having an array of openings therein. Oriented ribs extending inwardly from each of said outer hexagons support and surround a smaller inner hexagon having oriented strands thus forming a plurality of trapezoidal openings and a single hexagonal opening. The oriented strands and partially oriented junctions of the outer hexagons form a plurality of linear strong axis strands that extend continuously throughout the entirety of the geogrid and form additional triangular openings. The geogrid thus includes three different repeating geometric shapes. The inner hexagons preferably also can move up and down, out of the plane of the geogrid. The multi-axial integral geogrid thus provides a geometry that can better engage with, confine and stabilize a greater variety and quality of aggregates.

A multilayer integral geogrid, including one or more cellular layers, has a plurality of oriented multilayer strands interconnected by partially oriented multilayer junctions with an array of openings therein. The multilayer integral geogrid having one or more cellular layers is produced from a coextruded or laminated multilayer polymer starting sheet. The integral geogrid has a multilayer construction, with at least one outer layer thereof having the cellular structure. By virtue of the cellular layer structure, the multilayer integral geogrid provides for increased layer vertical compressibility under load, resulting in enhanced material properties that provide performance benefits to use of the multilayer integral geogrid to stabilize and strengthen soil, aggregates, or other particulate materials.

A monolayer multi-axial integral geogrid suitable for stabilizing aggregate includes a plurality of interconnected oriented strands and partially oriented junctions forming a repeating pattern of outer hexagons having an array of openings therein. Oriented ribs extending inwardly from each of said outer hexagons support and surround a smaller inner hexagon having oriented strands thus forming a plurality of trapezoidal openings and a single hexagonal opening. The oriented strands and partially oriented junctions of the outer hexagons form a plurality of linear strong axis strands that extend continuously throughout the entirety of the geogrid and form additional triangular openings. The geogrid thus includes three different repeating geometric shapes. The inner hexagons preferably also can move up and down, out of the plane of the geogrid. The multi-axial integral geogrid thus provides a geometry that can better engage with, confine and stabilize a greater variety and quality of aggregates.

A method of making a multi-axial integral geogrid suitable for stabilizing aggregate includes providing a polymer sheet, providing a patterned plurality of holes or depressions in the polymer sheet, and biaxially orienting the polymer sheet having the patterned plurality of holes or depressions therein to provide a plurality of interconnected oriented strands and partially oriented junctions forming a repeating pattern of outer hexagons having an array of openings. Oriented ribs extending inwardly from each of the outer hexagons support and surround a smaller inner hexagon having oriented strands, thus forming a plurality of trapezoidal openings and a single hexagonal opening. The oriented strands and partially oriented junctions of the outer hexagons form a plurality of linear strong axis strands extending continuously throughout the geogrid and forming triangular openings. The method provides a geogrid having a geometry configured to engage with, confine, and stabilize a large variety and quality of aggregates.

Aspects of a geogrid system for improving substrate interactions within a geotechnical environment is disclosed. In one aspect a geotechnical environment is configured with a horizontal multilayer mechanically stabilizing geogrid. In said aspect the geogrid is extruded with a polymeric material and a compressible cellular layer. In said aspect, the horizontal multilayer mechanically stabilizing geogrid is comprised of either a cap or a core of polymeric material or is further comprised of at least one compressible cellular layer configured to the polymeric material. Further, the horizontal multilayer mechanically stabilizing geogrid is configured with a triangle or triaxial geometry with patterned discontinuities and a plurality of strong axes.

A monolayer multi-axial integral geogrid suitable for stabilizing aggregate includes a plurality of interconnected oriented strands and partially oriented junctions forming a repeating pattern of outer hexagons having an array of openings therein. Oriented ribs extending inwardly from each of said outer hexagons support and surround a smaller inner hexagon having oriented strands thus forming a plurality of trapezoidal openings and a single hexagonal opening. The oriented strands and partially oriented junctions of the outer hexagons form a plurality of linear strong axis strands that extend continuously throughout the entirety of the geogrid and form additional triangular openings. The geogrid thus includes three different repeating geometric shapes. The inner hexagons preferably also can move up and down, out of the plane of the geogrid. The multi-axial integral geogrid thus provides a geometry configured to engage with, confine and stabilize a large variety and quality of aggregates.

A multilayer integral geogrid, including one or more cellular layers, has a plurality of oriented multilayer strands interconnected by partially oriented multilayer junctions with an array of openings therein. The multilayer integral geogrid having one or more cellular layers is produced from a coextruded or laminated multilayer polymer starting sheet. The integral geogrid has a multilayer construction, with at least one outer layer thereof having the cellular structure. By virtue of the cellular layer structure, the multilayer integral geogrid provides for increased layer vertical compressibility under load, resulting in enhanced material properties that provide performance benefits to use of the multilayer integral geogrid to stabilize and strengthen soil, aggregates, or other particulate materials.

A masonry block has a front, a back, a top surface, a bottom surface, a first side and a second side. The front has a front-top edge and a front-bottom edge. A number of steps (e.g. two steps) that rise above the top surface are setback from the front-top edge by a first setback distance. An equal number of notches are formed/cut into the bottom surface. A first notch of the notches is setback from the front-bottom edge by a second setback distance. When stacked to form a wall, the steps of a lower masonry block interface with the notches of a next higher masonry block and the first setback distance is greater than the second setback distance resulting in an overall setback as defined by a difference between the first setback distance minus the second setback distance.

A masonry block has a front, a back, a top surface, a bottom surface, a first side and a second side. The front has a front-top edge and a front-bottom edge. A number of steps (e.g. two steps) that rise above the top surface are setback from the front-top edge by a first setback distance. An equal number of notches are formed/cut into the bottom surface. A first notch of the notches is setback from the front-bottom edge by a second setback distance. When stacked to form a wall, the steps of a lower masonry block interface with the notches of a next higher masonry block and the first setback distance is greater than the second setback distance resulting in an overall setback as defined by a difference between the first setback distance minus the second setback distance.

The invention discloses a method for strengthening and widening subgrade with geocell based on conductive polymer, which belongs to the technical field of road construction. It includes the following steps: slope cutting and bench excavation for the existing embankment slope; leveling for the treated existing subgrade; filling and widening subgrade on the basis of the leveled existing subgrade; compacting the widened subgrade so that the compacted widened subgrade and the leveled existing subgrade are in the same plane; on the widened Subgrade The geocell based on the conductive polymer is tensioned and fixed for the first time; the geocell based on the conductive polymer is compacted to obtain the widened Subgrade of the geocell based on the conductive polymer. It can minimize the possibility of longitudinal cracks between the existing subgrade and the widened subgrade. In addition, it uses the conductivity of geocell based on conductive polymer to provide a material basis for monitoring the risk of cracks at the junction of the existing subgrade and the widened subgrade.