This invention relates, in part, to methods and compositions that are useful for the treatment and/or prevention of various disorders, including radiation-related disorders, such as acute radiation syndrome.

The invention provides compositions and methods for preventing and treating infection by Plasmodium sporozoites.

The invention provides compositions and methods for preventing and treating infection by Plasmodium sporozoites.

An improved stabilization buffer for use in the lyophilization of Neospora and other protozoans is disclosed. Also disclosed is an improved lyophilization method, which includes controlling ice nucleation during the freezing step.

Provided are a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for a peptic ulcer, a food additive for prevention and treatment of a peptic ulcer, an iNOS expression inhibitor, and a COX-2 expression inhibitor, all of which have little side effects. The prophylactic or therapeutic agent contains a Euglena-derived material as an active ingredient. The Euglena-derived material may be Euglena, paramylon, or an acid-treated paramylon. The prophylactic or therapeutic agent is useful for the prevention or treatment of a peptic ulcer induced by psychological stress. The peptic ulcer may be a gastric ulcer. The food additive contains a Euglena-derived material as an active ingredient.

Provided are a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for a peptic ulcer, a food additive for prevention and treatment of a peptic ulcer, an iNOS expression inhibitor, and a COX-2 expression inhibitor, all of which have little side effects. The prophylactic or therapeutic agent contains a Euglena-derived material as an active ingredient. The Euglena-derived material may be Euglena, paramylon, or an acid-treated paramylon. The prophylactic or therapeutic agent is useful for the prevention or treatment of a peptic ulcer induced by psychological stress. The peptic ulcer may be a gastric ulcer. The food additive contains a Euglena-derived material as an active ingredient.

A strain of an Apicomplexa of the family Sarcocystidae, wherein the strain is replicative and expresses one or more heterologous protein(s) selected from the group including therapeutic proteins, antigens, recombinant surface receptor or combinations thereof, and wherein the strain is selected from the group including Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninium. Also, the use of the strain for preventing or treating cancers or infectious diseases in a subject in need thereof.

A strain of an Apicomplexa of the family Sarcocystidae, wherein the strain is replicative and expresses one or more heterologous protein(s) selected from the group including therapeutic proteins, antigens, recombinant surface receptor or combinations thereof, and wherein the strain is selected from the group including Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninium. Also, the use of the strain for preventing or treating cancers or infectious diseases in a subject in need thereof.

Use of parasites and extracellular vesicles obtained from the parasites for a cancer treatment is provided. The use of parasites and extracellular vesicles obtained from parasites is for using in a treatment of a cancer, and loading an active substance on exosomes by using a drug loading capacity of exosomes, and thus, by carrying a specific drug directly to target cancer cells without causing any side effect on healthy cells and to enhance a bioavailability of the specific drug, achieving a desired effect in a tumor specific target region. Particularly Leishmania infantum parasite is used as a source for the extracellular vesicles.

Use of parasites and extracellular vesicles obtained from the parasites for a cancer treatment is provided. The use of parasites and extracellular vesicles obtained from parasites is for using in a treatment of a cancer, and loading an active substance on exosomes by using a drug loading capacity of exosomes, and thus, by carrying a specific drug directly to target cancer cells without causing any side effect on healthy cells and to enhance a bioavailability of the specific drug, achieving a desired effect in a tumor specific target region. Particularly Leishmania infantum parasite is used as a source for the extracellular vesicles.