Disclosed herein include methods, compositions, and kits suitable for use in dynamic non-destructive imaging. The non-destructive imaging can be nonlinear ultrasound imaging. There are provided, in some embodiments, nucleic acid compositions encoding gas vesicles (GVs) capable of producing nonlinear ultrasound contrast upon expression in a prokaryotic cell (e.g., a probiotic bacterial cell) or a eukaryotic cell (e.g., a therapeutic mammalian cell).

A bacterium belonging to a novel bacterial genus, Dysosmobacter. Also, the therapeutic, nutraceutical and cosmetic use thereof. The uses include methods for treating a disorder, promoting weight loss, decreasing food intake, increasing muscle mass, decreasing fat mass, increasing satiety, and/or decreasing weight gain associated with food intake in a subject, including administering to the subject at least one isolated bacterium belonging to the genus Dysosmobacter and/or a variant thereof and/or fragments thereof.

A bacterium belonging to a novel bacterial genus, Dysosmobacter. Also, the therapeutic, nutraceutical and cosmetic use thereof. The uses include methods for treating a disorder, promoting weight loss, decreasing food intake, increasing muscle mass, decreasing fat mass, increasing satiety, and/or decreasing weight gain associated with food intake in a subject, including administering to the subject at least one isolated bacterium belonging to the genus Dysosmobacter and/or a variant thereof and/or fragments thereof.

The invention encompasses compositions, kits and methods for modifying bacteria, preferably naturally occurring bacteria, in situ. These can be used to treat, prevent or cure microbiome-associated diseases or disorders by modulating the molecules expressed and/or secreted by bacterial populations of the microbiome in a specific manner. The genomic modifications can modify the interactions between part or all of these populations and the host in a way that decreases their deleterious potential on host health. The compositions, kits and methods of the invention do not result in the direct death of these populations or a direct significant inhibition of their growth. The invention further includes methods for screening for genetic modifications in the bacteria, for determining the efficiency of vectors at inducing these genetic mutations, and for determining the effects of these mutations on bacterial growth.

The invention encompasses compositions, kits and methods for modifying bacteria, preferably naturally occurring bacteria, in situ. These can be used to treat, prevent or cure microbiome-associated diseases or disorders by modulating the molecules expressed and/or secreted by bacterial populations of the microbiome in a specific manner. The genomic modifications can modify the interactions between part or all of these populations and the host in a way that decreases their deleterious potential on host health. The compositions, kits and methods of the invention do not result in the direct death of these populations or a direct significant inhibition of their growth. The invention further includes methods for screening for genetic modifications in the bacteria, for determining the efficiency of vectors at inducing these genetic mutations, and for determining the effects of these mutations on bacterial growth.

A method of treating a headache, e.g., a migraine, in a subject is provided. The method comprises administering a preparation comprising ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the subject, thereby treating the headache. Related preparations, kits, and devices are also provided.

The invention is directed to antibacterial compositions comprising bacteria modified to comprise phasmids engineered to deliver of CRISPR RNAs and methods for their use.

The invention is directed to antibacterial compositions comprising bacteria modified to comprise phasmids engineered to deliver of CRISPR RNAs and methods for their use.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a live attenuated vaccine by irradiation and a live attenuated vaccine composition prepared by the same, and more particularly, a method of preparing a live attenuated vaccine by irradiation including irradiating a pathogenic microorganism with a dose of 0.5 to 2 kGy of radiation per single radiation six to fifteen times; and a live attenuated vaccine composition including a pathogenic microorganism attenuated to not be revertant to a wild type by generation of at least one mutation of nucleotide insertion and nucleotide deletion by irradiation.

The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) a live strain from the genus of Kazachstania spp, Acetobacter spp. and/or Stenotrophomonas spp, (ii) an attenuated strain from the genus of Kazachstania spp, Acetobacter spp. and/or Stenotrophomonas spp or, (iii) a medically active substance isolated from a strain from the genus of Kazachstania spp, Acetobacter spp. and/or Stenotrophomonas spp.