The present invention relates to a capsule comprising a faecal composition for oral administration wherein the faecal composition comprises a stool fraction and a diluent, wherein the stool fraction comprises one or more non-pathogenic microorganisms, and wherein the diluent comprises a cryoprotectant resulting in a final concentration of cryoprotectant in the faecal composition below 8% (v/v) cryoprotectant.

There is provided a composition that comprises a propionic acid bacterium or a composition that comprises an oligosaccharide. The composition that comprises a propionic acid bacterium or the composition that comprises an oligosaccharide can suppress an increase of body weight of a subject by having the subject ingest the composition.

There is provided a composition that comprises a propionic acid bacterium or a composition that comprises an oligosaccharide. The composition that comprises a propionic acid bacterium or the composition that comprises an oligosaccharide can suppress an increase of body weight of a subject by having the subject ingest the composition.

The present disclosure is generally directed to a composition comprising a minicell and an active agent and to a bacterial minicell comprising an active agent. The compositions are suitable for improving animal health, increasing live stock production, or preventing animal-to-human transmission from both domestic animals and wildlife populations. Disclosed herein are methods of preparing a minicell encapsulating an active agent, delivering an active agent to a subject, and producing an animal feed and/or an animal vaccination for improving animal health and welfare.

The present disclosure is generally directed to a composition comprising a minicell and an active agent and to a bacterial minicell comprising an active agent. The compositions are suitable for improving animal health, increasing live stock production, or preventing animal-to-human transmission from both domestic animals and wildlife populations. Disclosed herein are methods of preparing a minicell encapsulating an active agent, delivering an active agent to a subject, and producing an animal feed and/or an animal vaccination for improving animal health and welfare.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for modulating induction of quorum sensing in bacterial cells. For example, provided herein is a method of inducing method of inducing quorum sensing, where the method includes: culturing a bacterial strain, wherein the bacterial strain comprises a first nucleic acid sequence encoding a first activator polypeptide, wherein expression of the first activator polypeptide produces a quorum sensing molecule precursor; a second nucleic acid sequence encoding a second activator polypeptide, wherein expression of the second activator polypeptide produces a quorum sensing; a third nucleic acid sequence encoding a third activator polypeptide that is capable of activating the quorum sensing system; a fourth nucleic acid sequence encoding a gene of interest, and contacting the bacterial strain with an inducer molecule; and converting the inducer molecule into a quorum sensing molecule, thereby allowing induction of quorum sensing.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for modulating induction of quorum sensing in bacterial cells. For example, provided herein is a method of inducing method of inducing quorum sensing, where the method includes: culturing a bacterial strain, wherein the bacterial strain comprises a first nucleic acid sequence encoding a first activator polypeptide, wherein expression of the first activator polypeptide produces a quorum sensing molecule precursor; a second nucleic acid sequence encoding a second activator polypeptide, wherein expression of the second activator polypeptide produces a quorum sensing; a third nucleic acid sequence encoding a third activator polypeptide that is capable of activating the quorum sensing system; a fourth nucleic acid sequence encoding a gene of interest, and contacting the bacterial strain with an inducer molecule; and converting the inducer molecule into a quorum sensing molecule, thereby allowing induction of quorum sensing.

The present disclosure provides a composition, a combination product, a medical device and the like for treating or preventing cancer or a tumor or preventing the recurrence of the cancer or the tumor. The present disclosure provides a composition, a combination product and a medical device for treating or preventing cancer or a tumor or preventing the recurrence of the cancer or the tumor, each of which comprises an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a dendritic cell direct activator or means. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides: a novel cancer treatment method which comprises carrying out a treatment of cancer by employing a combination of a treatment by the administration of an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a treatment for improving the sensitivity to the immune checkpoint inhibitor and, therefore, can be used as an immunotherapy that can be expected to have an excellent therapeutic effect; and a medicine which can be used for the cancer treatment method.

The present disclosure provides a composition, a combination product, a medical device and the like for treating or preventing cancer or a tumor or preventing the recurrence of the cancer or the tumor. The present disclosure provides a composition, a combination product and a medical device for treating or preventing cancer or a tumor or preventing the recurrence of the cancer or the tumor, each of which comprises an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a dendritic cell direct activator or means. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides: a novel cancer treatment method which comprises carrying out a treatment of cancer by employing a combination of a treatment by the administration of an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a treatment for improving the sensitivity to the immune checkpoint inhibitor and, therefore, can be used as an immunotherapy that can be expected to have an excellent therapeutic effect; and a medicine which can be used for the cancer treatment method.

The present invention provides an immunomodulator for use in the treatment and/or control of a neoplastic disease in a patient intended to undergo immunogenic cell death therapy simultaneously, separately or sequentially with administration of the immunomodulator. The therapy can be selected from microwave irradiation, targeted radiotherapy, embolisation, cryotherapy, ultrasound, high intensity focused ultrasound, cyberknife, hyperthermia, radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, electrotome heating, hot water injection, alcohol injection, embolization, radiation exposure, photodynamic therapy, laser beam irradiation, and combinations thereof.