The present invention provides a crude extract, fractions and sub-fractions from the seaweed Fucus distichus (FD), method of preparation and its use for inhibiting the growth of microbial cells, particularly bacteria causing acne or nosocomial infections such as MRSA in humans or MRSP in dogs.

The present invention provides a crude extract, fractions and sub-fractions from the seaweed Fucus distichus (FD), method of preparation and its use for inhibiting the growth of microbial cells, particularly bacteria causing acne or nosocomial infections such as MRSA in humans or MRSP in dogs.

The present disclosure provides a composition comprising (a) exosome-like nanovesicles or exosomes and (b) a carrier, wherein the exosome-like nanovesicles or exosomes are extracted from Withania somnifera and methods of effecting a change in hair appearance, hair growth, hair pigmentation, hair follicle size or hair shaft size, comprising administering to the skin of a subject in need thereof an effective amount of such a composition.

The present disclosure provides a composition comprising (a) exosome-like nanovesicles or exosomes and (b) a carrier, wherein the exosome-like nanovesicles or exosomes are extracted from Withania somnifera and methods of effecting a change in hair appearance, hair growth, hair pigmentation, hair follicle size or hair shaft size, comprising administering to the skin of a subject in need thereof an effective amount of such a composition.

A solvent extraction process for extracting oil containing dihomolinolenic acid from marine macro-algae, since as ascophyllum. Harvested ascophyllum is desalted to a salt content of less than 3% by weight, and dried to a moisture content of less than 5% by weight, and is then chopped into pieces of maximum dimension not exceeding 5 mm. The desalted, dried and chopped ascophyllum is then packed into a cellulose soxhlet thimble (13) and covered with a silica glass wool. The soxhlet thimble (13) is then placed in a vessel (12) of a soxhlet apparatus (11). A solvent reservoir (15) is charged with the solvent, namely, a food grade hexane, and is evaporated from the solvent reservoir (15) and condensed in a condenser (22) above the vessel (12) and is drip-fed into the soxhlet thimble (13) for extracting the oil containing the dihomolinolenic acid from the ascophyllum. The solvent with the extracted oil entrained therein is returned to the solvent reservoir (15) and the process continues until substantially all the oil has been extracted from the ascophyllum. The oil containing the dihomolinolenic acid is then recovered from the solvent by low pressure distillation until the solvent content of the oil containing the dihomolinolenic acid has been reduced to less than 5% by weight. The oil containing the dihomolinolenic acid is then desolvated to remove the remaining solvent therefrom.

Methods for treating or preventing viral infection-induced symptoms are disclosed. Methods for treating or preventing a viral infection are disclosed. Methods for treating or preventing mitochondrial dysfunction are disclosed. The viral infections include SARS-CoV-2, HIV, Influenza, and MERS. The methods include administering an emblica extract or a compound constituent of or having a similarity score of at least 95% with a compound constituent of an emblica extract, a fucus extract or a compound constituent of or having a similarity score of at least 95% with a compound constituent of a fucus extract, or a chebula extract or a compound constituent of or having a similarity score of at least 95% with a compound constituent of a chebula extract.

Methods for treating or preventing viral infection-induced symptoms are disclosed. Methods for treating or preventing a viral infection are disclosed. Methods for treating or preventing mitochondrial dysfunction are disclosed. The viral infections include SARS-CoV-2, HIV, Influenza, and MERS. The methods include administering an emblica extract or a compound constituent of or having a similarity score of at least 95% with a compound constituent of an emblica extract, a fucus extract or a compound constituent of or having a similarity score of at least 95% with a compound constituent of a fucus extract, or a chebula extract or a compound constituent of or having a similarity score of at least 95% with a compound constituent of a chebula extract.

Methods for treating or preventing viral infection-induced symptoms are disclosed. Methods for treating or preventing a viral infection are disclosed. Methods for treating or preventing mitochondrial dysfunction are disclosed. The viral infections include SARS-CoV-2, HIV, Influenza, and MERS. The methods include administering an emblica extract or a compound constituent of or having a similarity score of at least 95% with a compound constituent of an emblica extract, a fucus extract or a compound constituent of or having a similarity score of at least 95% with a compound constituent of a fucus extract, or a chebula extract or a compound constituent of or having a similarity score of at least 95% with a compound constituent of a chebula extract.

The composition inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via competitive binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The composition includes a plurality of sulfated glycosaminoglycans which bind to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, preventing binding to and uptake by host cells. The sulfated glycosaminoglycans, including N-, 2-O, 3-O, or 6-O sulfate groups, or combinations thereof, include heparins and fucoidans, such as those isolated from brown seaweed. The compositions show antiviral activity, with EC.sub.50 as low as 0.08 μM, and low cytotoxicity, making it promising for clinical use. While established SARS-CoV-2 treatments such as remdesivir need to be administered intravenously, the compositions discussed herein are advantageously capable to being delivered as a nasal spray, metered dose inhaler, oral delivery, etc.

The composition inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via competitive binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The composition includes a plurality of sulfated glycosaminoglycans which bind to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, preventing binding to and uptake by host cells. The sulfated glycosaminoglycans, including N-, 2-O, 3-O, or 6-O sulfate groups, or combinations thereof, include heparins and fucoidans, such as those isolated from brown seaweed. The compositions show antiviral activity, with EC.sub.50 as low as 0.08 μM, and low cytotoxicity, making it promising for clinical use. While established SARS-CoV-2 treatments such as remdesivir need to be administered intravenously, the compositions discussed herein are advantageously capable to being delivered as a nasal spray, metered dose inhaler, oral delivery, etc.