The present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, and methods relating to roof construction. In some embodiments, a roof panel system may include a prefabricated horizontal building frame and a prefabricated roof panel structure. The horizontal building frame component may include a plate having a first aperture. The prefabricated roof panel structure may include two parallel lateral structural members and two parallel transverse structural members, one of the transverse structural members having a second aperture. The system may further include a fastener assembly connecting the horizontal building frame component to the roof panel structure through the first and second apertures.

A modular building structure that utilizes a standard, unmodified intermodal shipping container both for transport of the structural components and as an integral element of the method of construction. A modular structure kit is enclosed in the shipping container, which can be transported using all means that are standard for ISO containers. Using the preferred method of construction, the shipping container can be situated without heavy equipment. Once situated, the shipping container provides the primary support for a permanent elevated structure composed of unique components, assembled using conventional building techniques without the necessary use of heavy or specialized equipment.

A solar panel racking system that can include end clamps, mid clamps, bottom clamps, L-foot adapter assemblies, rails, and L-foot assemblies. The solar panel racking system minimizes the use of tools by snapping many of the mounting components in place. The end clamps, mid clamps, and bottom clamps can snap over the rail sides and lock into upper detented portions of the rail sides. The upper detented portions are structured to prevent upward movement of the end clamps, mid clamps, and bottom clamps. The L-foot adapter body of the L-foot adapter assembly snaps over lower detented portions of rail sides and secures the rail to an L-foot assembly. The end clamps, mid clamps, bottom clamps, rails, and L-foot adapter assemblies are independent of the L-foot assembly, allowing a selection of L-foot assemblies to be used as appropriate with the solar panel racking system.

A modular building structure that utilizes a standard, unmodified intermodal shipping container both for transport of the structural components and as an integral element of the method of construction. A modular structure kit is enclosed in the shipping container, which can be transported using all means that are standard for ISO containers. Using the preferred method of construction, the shipping container can be situated without heavy equipment. Once situated, the shipping container provides the primary support for a permanent elevated structure composed of unique components, assembled using conventional building techniques without the necessary use of heavy or specialized equipment.

A simplified framing system with two or more arches which are joined together into a unitary structure by means of connector elements. Each arch is joined to a base by means of connector elements herein termed “base frame connectors”. The angle frame connectors and base frame connectors are preferably fabricated from sheet metal by conventional die cutting and press-forming or stamping techniques. The simplified framing system of this disclosure is particularly designed for assembly using nominal 2×4 inch lumber. The system does not require cutting the lumber except for straight, perpendicular cutting of the lumber to the desired lengths.

This present application relates to a novel roof supporting system for use with outbuildings, such as gazebos, rotundas, and the like. The roof supporting system of the present invention eliminates the need for unsightly and architecturally limiting internal roof joists to account for the horizontal component of the live and dead roof loads transferred by the roofing rafters, and also eliminates the need for rafter tails to extend over the perimeter joist or wall members to create a roof with a clean edge appearance.

A method of constructing a frame of a wood frame building structure is shown and described. The method entails fabricating modules establishing nominally flat structural platforms for expediting assembly of floors, walls, ceilings, and a roof These modules provide structural frames enabling appropriate finishing materials to be affixed thereto. The finishing materials provide continuous, flat surfaces, with exceptions for penetrations. The method includes assembling the modules such that a longitudinal axis of each model is parallel to those of other modules throughout the frame and perpendicular to a building length axis. Also, each module includes ceiling joists, floor joists, and roof rafters, as appropriate, such joists and roof rafters installed parallel to the building length axis and therefore, perpendicular to the joists and roof rafters. This method minimizes assembly costs of modules and of the framing, while retaining conventional framing performance.

A method is shown for measuring the utilization of the load carrying capacity of a building structural element subject to variable action, including measurements of the rotation angles of cross-sections of this building structural element, wherein the rotation is caused by the variable action, wherein the rotation angles α1 and α2 of the cross-sections of the building structural element around the axis (Z) perpendicular to the longitudinal section of this building structural element are measured in two points (A) and (B) of this building structural element, located symmetrically relative to its transverse axis of symmetry, and subsequently the greater of the measured values of the angles α1 and α2 is used as the measure of the utilization of the load carrying capacity of the building structural element.

A method is shown for measuring the utilization of the load carrying capacity of a building structural element subject to variable action, including measurements of the rotation angles of cross-sections of this building structural element, wherein the rotation is caused by the variable action, wherein the rotation angles α1 and α2 of the cross-sections of the building structural element around the axis (Z) perpendicular to the longitudinal section of this building structural element are measured in two points (A) and (B) of this building structural element, located symmetrically relative to its transverse axis of symmetry, and subsequently the greater of the measured values of the angles α1 and α2 is used as the measure of the utilization of the load carrying capacity of the building structural element.

A double-shelled load-bearing structure module of any geometric shape, is formed from top and bottom secondary shell elements. A double-shelled load-bearing structure in the form of a primary shell structure is joined with the module, made of individual assembled load-bearing structure modules of this kind having statically necessary filling rods. The secondary shell elements have, in each corner, a connection pocket, which is open at the top or bottom or is open at the top and bottom, of appropriate size for connecting a plurality of load-bearing structure modules. The connection pocket, at least on the outside, on the outer vertical surfaces of the secondary shell elements, is delimited by preferably metal profiles or metal sheet. Connection tabs can also be disposed in each corner instead of connection pockets. The connection tabs are formed from angular surfaces, preferably metal sheet, protruding towards the intermediate space between the secondary shell elements.