A composite fabric laminate can include an open mesh fabric, a first continuous film comprising a fluoropolymer, and a second continuous film comprising a fluoropolymer. The fluoropolymer of the first continuous film and the fluoropolymer of the second continuous films can be in direct contact with one another. A method of forming a composite fabric laminate that includes disposing an open mesh fabric between a first continuous film and a second continuous film, each comprising an at least partially unsintered fluoropolymer film, to form a composite; laminating the composite at a pressure of at least 100 psig and a temperature of no greater than 350° C.; and sintering the laminated composite to form the composite fabric laminate.

Apparatus to make decorations on a prefabricated water-proofing bitumen-mix membrane, wherein the decorations are made by depositing solid particles, in the form of flakes, grains, sand or grit, suitable to adhere to at least one surface of said prefabricated water-proofing bitumen-mix membrane. The apparatus includes at least one transfer member provided with a support surface suitable to receive, support and transfer the solid particles toward the surface to be enhanced of the prefabricated water-proofing bitumen-mix membrane. The support surface is provided with a plurality of cavities suitable to receive the solid particles. The cavities are made inside at least one surface portion of the support surface and the surface portion, essentially reproducing the shape and sizes of at least one of the decorations.

Apparatus to make decorations on a prefabricated water-proofing bitumen-mix membrane, wherein the decorations are made by depositing solid particles, in the form of flakes, grains, sand or grit, suitable to adhere to at least one surface of said prefabricated water-proofing bitumen-mix membrane. The apparatus includes at least one transfer member provided with a support surface suitable to receive, support and transfer the solid particles toward the surface to be enhanced of the prefabricated water-proofing bitumen-mix membrane. The support surface is provided with a plurality of cavities suitable to receive the solid particles. The cavities are made inside at least one surface portion of the support surface and the surface portion, essentially reproducing the shape and sizes of at least one of the decorations.

The present disclosure relates generally to roofing elements and methods for making them. In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a roofing element in the form of a roofing shingle that includes a body of a foamed cured cross-linked polymer, the body having a top surface and a bottom surface, the body extending substantially in a plane and having a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 35 mm; and a layer of weather-resistant roofing granules disposed on and adhered at the top surface of roofing element. The roofing element can be made by providing a body of wet foamed curable composition, and allowing the curable composition to cure to provide the body of foamed cured cross-linked polymer.

The present disclosure relates generally to roofing elements and methods for making them. In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a roofing element in the form of a roofing shingle that includes a body of a foamed cured cross-linked polymer, the body having a top surface and a bottom surface, the body extending substantially in a plane and having a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 35 mm; and a layer of weather-resistant roofing granules disposed on and adhered at the top surface of roofing element. The roofing element can be made by providing a body of wet foamed curable composition, and allowing the curable composition to cure to provide the body of foamed cured cross-linked polymer.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate roofing membranes that may include at least one first layer including a first plurality of protrusions; at least one second layer including a second plurality of protrusions; and a plurality of inner regions disposed between a raised protrusion of the first plurality of protrusions and a raised protrusion of the second plurality of protrusions. Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods of forming roofing membranes. The methods may include applying a blowable ink onto at least one porous layer; sandwiching the at least one porous layer between the at least one first layer and the at least one second layer; and expanding the blowable ink, so as to form the first plurality of protrusions, the second plurality of protrusions, and the plurality of inner regions.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate roofing membranes that may include at least one first layer including a first plurality of protrusions; at least one second layer including a second plurality of protrusions; and a plurality of inner regions disposed between a raised protrusion of the first plurality of protrusions and a raised protrusion of the second plurality of protrusions. Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods of forming roofing membranes. The methods may include applying a blowable ink onto at least one porous layer; sandwiching the at least one porous layer between the at least one first layer and the at least one second layer; and expanding the blowable ink, so as to form the first plurality of protrusions, the second plurality of protrusions, and the plurality of inner regions.

A roofing material including a bitumen or other hot melt coating disposed across a base sheet of stitch-bonded fabric incorporating a blend of standard and bi-component polyester staple fibers stitch-bonded with a plurality of parallel stitch lines of stitching yarn running in the machine direction. The bicomponent fibers may be heat activated and cooled prior to application of the hot melt coating thereby providing dimensional stability.

A roofing material including a bitumen or other hot melt coating disposed across a base sheet of stitch-bonded fabric incorporating a blend of standard and bi-component polyester staple fibers stitch-bonded with a plurality of parallel stitch lines of stitching yarn running in the machine direction. The bicomponent fibers may be heat activated and cooled prior to application of the hot melt coating thereby providing dimensional stability.

A waterproofing membrane including a reinforcing material coated with a blend formulation, the blend formulation including glass spheres having a particle size between 0.25-0.50 mm and a particle density between 0.5-0.8 g/cm.sup.3.