The present invention relates to a carbohydrate-based peritoneal dialysis fluid, containing a compound selected from the group consisting of glutamine, preferably L-glutamine; a dipeptide capable of releasing glutamine, L-glutamine in free form, preferably selected from the group consisting of glutaminyl-glycine, glycinyl-glutamine, glutaminyl-alanine, alanyl-glutamine; an oligopeptide consisting of two to seven glutamine, preferably L-glutamine residues; and mixtures thereof. The peritoneal dialysis fluids of the present invention are useful for inhibition of technical failure in a person undergoing peritoneal dialysis treatment.

Described herein are peptides that can be used to treat pain or increase pain sensitivity in subject in need of treatment. Additionally, peptides of the present disclosure can be administered with an analgesic agent and/or anesthetic agent. Peptides of the present disclosure are suitable for use when a subject in need of treatment has an injury, a chronic disease, a chronic inflammation, Morton's neuroma, operative/post-operative pain, or a combination thereof.

The present invention describes a uPAR-targeting peptide conjugate comprising a fluoro bore, a peptide binding to uPAR and a linker group which are connected by covalent bonds, wherein the uPAR-targeting peptide conjugate may be used as fluorescence probe in real time optical imaging and delineation of cancer tumors or metastases during surgery.

A method is provided for treating a subject for a viral infection. The method includes diagnosing the subject as having a viral infection, and administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition to the subject. The pharmaceutical composition includes a poly-N-substituted glycine compound of a formula AX-Y-Z.sub.n—B, wherein A is a terminal N-alkyl substituted glycine residue; n is an integer; B is selected from the group consisting of NH.sub.2, one and two N-substituted glycine residues, and wherein said one and two N-substituted glycine residues have N-substituents which are independently selected from natural α-amino acid side chain moieties, isomers and carbon homologs thereof; X, Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of N-substituted glycine residues, wherein said N-substituents are independently selected from the group consisting of natural α-amino acid side chain moieties, isomers and carbon homologs thereof, and proline residues. In some embodiments, at least one of A, B, X, Y and Z contains a halogen-bearing moiety.

A method is provided for treating a subject for a viral infection. The method includes diagnosing the subject as having a viral infection, and administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition to the subject. The pharmaceutical composition includes a poly-N-substituted glycine compound of a formula AX-Y-Z.sub.n—B, wherein A is a terminal N-alkyl substituted glycine residue; n is an integer; B is selected from the group consisting of NH.sub.2, one and two N-substituted glycine residues, and wherein said one and two N-substituted glycine residues have N-substituents which are independently selected from natural α-amino acid side chain moieties, isomers and carbon homologs thereof; X, Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of N-substituted glycine residues, wherein said N-substituents are independently selected from the group consisting of natural α-amino acid side chain moieties, isomers and carbon homologs thereof, and proline residues. In some embodiments, at least one of A, B, X, Y and Z contains a halogen-bearing moiety.

Provided herein are compositions and methods to that target microbial proteases to ameliorate the intestinal barrier dysfunction and restore mucosal integrity. They are useful to treat and prevent diseases and disorders caused by pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal system of a subject.

Provided herein are compositions and methods to that target microbial proteases to ameliorate the intestinal barrier dysfunction and restore mucosal integrity. They are useful to treat and prevent diseases and disorders caused by pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal system of a subject.

Methods for treating neurological and other disorders, including autoimmune disorders are described. Also described is a method of treating a disorder in which Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) activation by binding to myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) plays a role in disease pathogenesis. Further a method is described that includes the administration of a composition, including a peptide sequence, that inhibits the activation of TLR2 by MyD88.

Methods for treating neurological and other disorders, including autoimmune disorders are described. Also described is a method of treating a disorder in which Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) activation by binding to myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) plays a role in disease pathogenesis. Further a method is described that includes the administration of a composition, including a peptide sequence, that inhibits the activation of TLR2 by MyD88.

Compounds of formulae (I) and (II), compositions, and methods for use in inhibiting the E3 enzyme Cbl-b in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway are disclosed. The compounds, compositions, and methods can be used to modulate the immune system, to treat diseases amenable to immune system modulation, and for treatment of cells in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo.

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