This invention provides, in part, various compositions and methods for protecting the gastrointestinal microbiome from antibiotic disruption from orally administered antibiotics.

Methods and compositions for treating or preventing C. difficile infections, particularly recurring C. difficile infections are described. The compositions for use in treating C. difficile include at least one agent that enhances a biological activity of interleukin-13 (IL-13), such as a recombinant IL-13 peptide or an agent that neutralizes the interleukin-13 (IL-13) decoy receptor, interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Ra2). Additionally or alternatively, the compositions can include a interleukin-4 (IL-4) peptide. The methods can result in more rapid recovery from CDI and decreased weight loss, e.g., than treatment without the neutralizing agent.

Methods and compositions for treating or preventing C. difficile infections, particularly recurring C. difficile infections are described. The compositions for use in treating C. difficile include at least one agent that enhances a biological activity of interleukin-13 (IL-13), such as a recombinant IL-13 peptide or an agent that neutralizes the interleukin-13 (IL-13) decoy receptor, interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Ra2). Additionally or alternatively, the compositions can include a interleukin-4 (IL-4) peptide. The methods can result in more rapid recovery from CDI and decreased weight loss, e.g., than treatment without the neutralizing agent.

Methods and compositions for treating or preventing C. difficile infections, particularly recurring C. difficile infections are described. The compositions for use in treating C. difficile include at least one agent that enhances a biological activity of interleukin-13 (IL-13), such as a recombinant IL-13 peptide or an agent that neutralizes the interleukin-13 (IL-13) decoy receptor, interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Ra2). Additionally or alternatively, the compositions can include a interleukin-4 (IL-4) peptide. The methods can result in more rapid recovery from CDI and decreased weight loss, e.g., than treatment without the neutralizing agent.

A germinant mixture includes a) a bile acid main germinant, b) an amino acid co-germinant, c) an edible spore solubilizing agent, and d) a divalent metal salt co-germinant. Also described is an oral pharmaceutical composition including the germinant mixture and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. A method of treating, decolonizing, and/or preventing C. difficile infection in the gastrointestinal tract of a patient in need thereof includes orally administering the germinant mixture or the oral pharmaceutical composition and an antibiotic that is active against C. difficile to the patient in need thereof.

A germinant mixture includes a) a bile acid main germinant, b) an amino acid co-germinant, c) an edible spore solubilizing agent, and d) a divalent metal salt co-germinant. Also described is an oral pharmaceutical composition including the germinant mixture and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. A method of treating, decolonizing, and/or preventing C. difficile infection in the gastrointestinal tract of a patient in need thereof includes orally administering the germinant mixture or the oral pharmaceutical composition and an antibiotic that is active against C. difficile to the patient in need thereof.

A germinant mixture includes a) a bile acid main germinant, b) an amino acid co-germinant, c) an edible spore solubilizing agent, and d) a divalent metal salt co-germinant. Also described is an oral pharmaceutical composition including the germinant mixture and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. A method of treating, decolonizing, and/or preventing C. difficile infection in the gastrointestinal tract of a patient in need thereof includes orally administering the germinant mixture or the oral pharmaceutical composition and an antibiotic that is active against C. difficile to the patient in need thereof.

Pharmaceutical compositions for intraocular injection are described, the compositions consisting essentially of a therapeutically effective quantity of an anti-bacterial agent (such as moxifloxacin), a therapeutically effective quantity of an anti-inflammatory agent (such as triamcinolone), at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Methods for fabricating the compositions and using them for intraocular injections are also described.

Pharmaceutical compositions for intraocular injection are described, the compositions consisting essentially of a therapeutically effective quantity of an anti-bacterial agent (such as moxifloxacin), a therapeutically effective quantity of an anti-inflammatory agent (such as triamcinolone), at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Methods for fabricating the compositions and using them for intraocular injections are also described.

Pharmaceutical compositions for intraocular injection are described, the compositions consisting essentially of a therapeutically effective quantity of an anti-bacterial agent (such as moxifloxacin), a therapeutically effective quantity of an anti-inflammatory agent (such as triamcinolone), at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Methods for fabricating the compositions and using them for intraocular injections are also described.