Methods and apparatus are provided for applying an fragment of a neurotoxin such as the active light chain (LC) of the botulinum toxin (BoNT), such as one of the serotype A, B, C, D, E, F or G botulinum toxins, via permeabilization of targeted cell membranes to enable translocation of the botulinum neurotoxin light chain (BoNT-LC) molecule across the targeted cell membrane to the cell cytosol where a therapeutic response is produced in a mammalian system. The methods and apparatus include use of catheter based delivery systems, non-invasive delivery systems, and transdermal delivery systems.

Provided herein are chemical compounds, methods for their discovery, and their therapeutic and research use. Further provided herein are antiviral and antimicrobial lectin compounds and methods of their use.

The inventors provide a composition comprising an antimicrobial polypeptide comprising Blad or an active variant thereof for use in a method of treatment of the human or animal body by therapy or prophylaxis, such as for use in a method of treating or preventing an infection in or on a subject by a microorganism. Also provided is the use of a composition comprising an antimicrobial polypeptide comprising Blad or an active variant thereof to kill, or inhibit the growth of, a microorganism that is pathogenic to a human or an animal at a site that is not on or in the human or animal body.

Discloses are a method for detecting Norovirus using a Norovirus animal model, a method for screening an antivial agent against Norovirus, and a composition for neutralizing the infection with an enteric virus, containing concanavalin A as an active ingredient, so that the method for detecting Norovirus can allow the distinction between infectious Norovirus and non-infectious Norovirus, and the composition can neutralize a virus causing food poisoning.

The present invention relates to the use of transgenic plants for the expression of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) binding proteins. Plant cells are transformed with nucleotide sequences adapted for expression and secretion of vitamin B12 binding proteins. The present invention also relates to the use of recombinant vitamin B12 binding proteins from plants in analytical tests and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency. Also disclosed is a method for purification of recombinant vitamin B12 binding proteins.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition, and more specifically, to a novel pharmaceutical composition for treating Alzheimer's disease including osmotin as an active ingredient.

This invention relates to monovalent and multivalent, monospecific binding proteins and to multivalent, multispecific binding proteins. One embodiment of these binding proteins has one or more binding sites where each binding site binds with a target antigen or an epitope on a target antigen. Another embodiment of these binding proteins has two or more binding sites where each binding site has affinity towards different epitopes on a target antigen or has affinity towards either a target antigen or a hapten. The present invention further relates to recombinant vectors useful for the expression of these functional binding proteins in a host. More specifically, the present invention relates to the tumor-associated antigen binding protein designated RS7, and other EGP-1 binding-proteins. The invention further relates to humanized, human and chimeric RS7 antigen binding proteins, and the use of such binding proteins in diagnosis and therapy.

This invention relates to monovalent and multivalent, monospecific binding proteins and to multivalent, multispecific binding proteins. One embodiment of these binding proteins has one or more binding sites where each binding site binds with a target antigen or an epitope on a target antigen. Another embodiment of these binding proteins has two or more binding sites where each binding site has affinity towards different epitopes on a target antigen or has affinity towards either a target antigen or a hapten. The present invention further relates to recombinant vectors useful for the expression of these functional binding proteins in a host. More specifically, the present invention relates to the tumor-associated antigen binding protein designated RS7, and other EGP-1 binding-proteins. The invention further relates to humanized, human and chimeric RS7 antigen binding proteins, and the use of such binding proteins in diagnosis and therapy.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a cyclotide for use in immune suppression as well as to a method for immune suppression comprising the step of administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a cyclotide to a subject in need thereof. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a cyclotide for use in treating or preventing a disorder selected from the group consisting of (i) an autoimmune disorder; (ii) a hypersensitivity disorder; and (iii) a lymphocyte-mediated inflammation. Likewise, the present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing a disorder selected from the group consisting of (i) an autoimmune disorder; (ii) a hypersensitivity disorder; and (iii) a lymphocyte-mediated inflammation. The present invention further relates to a method of screening for and/or selecting an immunosuppressive cyclotide or a mutation which results in a mutated cyclotide having an induced or enhanced immunosuppressive activity. The present invention further relates to a method of producing an immunosuppressive cyclotide or an immunosuppressive pharmaceutical composition. The present invention further relates to a mutated cyclotide having immunosuppressive activity and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.

The invention provides a method for alleviating discogenic pain by administering a therapeutic agent that disrupts neuronal and/or vascular elements in the disc, which is typically a degenerated disc. Disruption of neuronal elements in the disk includes destroying nerve endings without substantially affecting the central body of the nerve, suppressing activation of the nerve endings, and inhibiting the growth of nerve endings into the disk. Disruption of vascular elements includes causing the vascular extensions to retract from the disk, or suppressing the formation of such extensions. The therapeutic agent may be administered locally via an interbody pump, a bolus or a depot, or may be administered systemically.