Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines with good preservation stability and immunostimulatory action are provided. According the present invention, combination use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising (4E,8E,12E,16E,20E)-N-{2-[{4-[(2-amino-4-{[(3S)-1-hydroxyhexan-3-yl]amino}-6-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]benzyl}(methyl)amino]ethyl}-4,8,12,17,21,25-hexamethylhexacosa-4,8,12,16,20,24-hexaeneamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as a vaccine adjuvant with enhanced specific immune response against antigens and good preservation stability and a malaria vaccine with non-glycosylation, homogeneity, and biological activity allow for the provision of malaria transmission-blocking vaccines with good preservation stability and immunostimulatory action.

A fusion protein comprising a target protein, a first recombinant viral coat protein, a second recombinant viral coat protein and a first linkage peptide is provided. The target protein is at N-terminus of the first recombinant viral coat protein. The first recombinant viral coat protein is linked to N-terminus of the first linkage peptide. The second recombinant viral coat protein is linked to C-terminus of the first linkage peptide. The first and second recombinant viral coat proteins are derived from the coat protein (CP) of alfalfa mosaic virus (AIMV). The fusion protein may further comprise a second linkage peptide between the target protein and the first recombinant viral coat protein. The fusion protein may form a virus like particle (VLP). The target protein may be displayed on the surface of the VLP. Also provided are methods for producing the fusion protein and the VLP as well as the uses of the fusion protein and/or the VLP.

A fusion protein comprising a target protein, a first recombinant viral coat protein, a second recombinant viral coat protein and a first linkage peptide is provided. The target protein is at N-terminus of the first recombinant viral coat protein. The first recombinant viral coat protein is linked to N-terminus of the first linkage peptide. The second recombinant viral coat protein is linked to C-terminus of the first linkage peptide. The first and second recombinant viral coat proteins are derived from the coat protein (CP) of alfalfa mosaic virus (AIMV). The fusion protein may further comprise a second linkage peptide between the target protein and the first recombinant viral coat protein. The fusion protein may form a virus like particle (VLP). The target protein may be displayed on the surface of the VLP. Also provided are methods for producing the fusion protein and the VLP as well as the uses of the fusion protein and/or the VLP.

A method of generating an antibody and cellular immune response against a Plasmodium in a primate, comprising administering at least 10.sup.3 genetically modified live Plasmodium to the primate, wherein the genetically modified live Plasmodium is a species selected from Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium coatneyi, Plasmodium cynomolgi, and Plasmodium simium, and wherein the genetically modified live Plasmodium does not produce functional histamine releasing factor (HRF) protein, to thereby induce an antibody and cellular immune response against the Plasmodium in the primate. In some embodiments at least 10.sup.4 genetically modified live Plasmodium is administered to the primate. An immunogenic composition for administration to a primate, comprising a at least 10.sup.3 genetically modified live Plasmodium wherein the genetically modified live Plasmodium is a species selected from Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium coatneyi, Plasmodium cynomolgi, and Plasmodium simium, and wherein the genetically modified live Plasmodium does not produce functional histamine releasing factor (HRF) protein; and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and/or support. In some embodiments the immunogenic composition comprises at least 10.sup.3 genetically a modified live Plasmodium.

A method of generating an antibody and cellular immune response against a Plasmodium in a primate, comprising administering at least 10.sup.3 genetically modified live Plasmodium to the primate, wherein the genetically modified live Plasmodium is a species selected from Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium coatneyi, Plasmodium cynomolgi, and Plasmodium simium, and wherein the genetically modified live Plasmodium does not produce functional histamine releasing factor (HRF) protein, to thereby induce an antibody and cellular immune response against the Plasmodium in the primate. In some embodiments at least 10.sup.4 genetically modified live Plasmodium is administered to the primate. An immunogenic composition for administration to a primate, comprising a at least 10.sup.3 genetically modified live Plasmodium wherein the genetically modified live Plasmodium is a species selected from Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium coatneyi, Plasmodium cynomolgi, and Plasmodium simium, and wherein the genetically modified live Plasmodium does not produce functional histamine releasing factor (HRF) protein; and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and/or support. In some embodiments the immunogenic composition comprises at least 10.sup.3 genetically a modified live Plasmodium.

The provided technology is in the field of conjugating native, non-detergent extracted, outer membrane vesicles (nOMV) to antigens to form nOMV-linker-antigen conjugates, which are particularly useful for immunogenic compositions and immunisation; processes for the preparation and use of such conjugates is also provided.

The provided technology is in the field of conjugating native, non-detergent extracted, outer membrane vesicles (nOMV) to antigens to form nOMV-antigen conjugates, which are particularly useful for immunogenic compositions and immunisation; processes for the preparation and use of such conjugates is also provided.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to fibrillar adjuvants. Epitopes assembled into nanofibers by a short synthetic fibrillization domain elicited high antibody titers in the absence of any adjuvant.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to fibrillar adjuvants. Epitopes assembled into nanofibers by a short synthetic fibrillization domain elicited high antibody titers in the absence of any adjuvant.

The present invention relates to methods for inducing an immune response, in particular methods for adjuvanting the immune response to an antigen comprising the separate administration of a saponin and a TLR4 agonist.