The present invention relates to a method of preparing a live attenuated vaccine by irradiation and a live attenuated vaccine composition prepared by the same, and more particularly, a method of preparing a live attenuated vaccine by irradiation including irradiating a pathogenic microorganism with a dose of 0.5 to 2 kGy of radiation per single radiation six to fifteen times; and a live attenuated vaccine composition including a pathogenic microorganism attenuated to not be revertant to a wild type by generation of at least one mutation of nucleotide insertion and nucleotide deletion by irradiation.

NEW MATERIAL: Recombinant plasmid pTPGIF2 having a size of 4,660 base pairs and a structure obtained by inserting a DNA having a size of 52 base pairs and containing a sequence coding somatostatin into a BamHI incision site of a plasmid vector pTP70-1 capable or fusing a heteropeptide to a carboxy-terminal of a dihydrofolic acid reductase gene of E. coli. USE: Producton of fused protein containing somatostatin.

PREPARATION: A somatostatin gene is integrated into a plasmid vector pTP70-1. pTPGIF2 is kept in stable state when introduced into E. coli. C600 strain. The E. coli. C600 train containing pTPGIF2 is deposited in Fermentation Research institute as FERM BP-1577.

NEW MATERIAL: Recombinant plasmid pTPGIF2 having a size of 4,660 base pairs and a structure obtained by inserting a DNA having a size of 52 base pairs and containing a sequence coding somatostatin into a BamHI incision site of a plasmid vector pTP70-1 capable or fusing a heteropeptide to a carboxy-terminal of a dihydrofolic acid reductase gene of E. coli. USE: Producton of fused protein containing somatostatin.

PREPARATION: A somatostatin gene is integrated into a plasmid vector pTP70-1. pTPGIF2 is kept in stable state when introduced into E. coli. C600 strain. The E. coli. C600 train containing pTPGIF2 is deposited in Fermentation Research institute as FERM BP-1577.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to compositions of peptide mimics useful in the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae). In some embodiments, the peptide mimics are multi-antigenic molecules of a conserved gonococcal lipoohgosaccharaide (LOS) epitope. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to methods of making peptide mimics for the treatment of N. gonorrhoeae. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to methods of using peptide mimics for the treatment of N. gonorrhoeae.

In some aspects, the disclosure relates to compositions of peptide mimics useful in the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae). In some embodiments, the peptide mimics are multi-antigenic molecules of a conserved gonococcal lipoohgosaccharaide (LOS) epitope. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to methods of making peptide mimics for the treatment of N. gonorrhoeae. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to methods of using peptide mimics for the treatment of N. gonorrhoeae.

An oral dissolving film containing nano- or micro-encapsulated bioactive material and methods of forming the film. The film may be prepared by dispensing a mixture of a film-forming agent, a crosslinking agent, a solution of nano- or micro-encapsulated bioactive material, and a photoinitiator into a plurality of wells in a tray using a 3D printer. The dispensed material is exposed to radiation in order to crosslink the material and form a film.

An oral dissolving film containing nano- or micro-encapsulated bioactive material and methods of forming the film. The film may be prepared by dispensing a mixture of a film-forming agent, a crosslinking agent, a solution of nano- or micro-encapsulated bioactive material, and a photoinitiator into a plurality of wells in a tray using a 3D printer. The dispensed material is exposed to radiation in order to crosslink the material and form a film.

The present invention provides a glycoconjugate for administration to a subject in a method comprising the steps of: (i) administering a first dose of glycoconjugate; (ii) subsequently administering a second dose of glycoconjugate; wherein the amount of glycoconjugate in the first dose or first and second doses are atypically low, and also related aspects.

Methods of producing bioconjugates of O-antigen polysaccharides covalently linked to a carrier protein using recombinant host cells are provided. The recombinant host cells used in the methods described herein encode a particular oligosaccharyl transferase enzyme depending on the O-antigen polysaccharide bioconjugate to be produced. The oligosaccharyl transferase enzymes can be PglB oligosaccharyl transferase or variants thereof. Also provided are compositions containing the bioconjugates, and methods of using the bioconjugates and compositions described herein to vaccinate a subject against extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli. (ExPEC).

Methods of producing bioconjugates of O-antigen polysaccharides covalently linked to a carrier protein using recombinant host cells are provided. The recombinant host cells used in the methods described herein encode a particular oligosaccharyl transferase enzyme depending on the O-antigen polysaccharide bioconjugate to be produced. The oligosaccharyl transferase enzymes can be PglB oligosaccharyl transferase or variants thereof. Also provided are compositions containing the bioconjugates, and methods of using the bioconjugates and compositions described herein to vaccinate a subject against extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli. (ExPEC).