The virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine against CVB4 infection includes a virus-like particle (VLP) derived from VP1 of Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4). The vaccine is devoid of virus RNA. The virus-like particles may be in nanoparticle form and coated with a polymer coating. The polymeric coating may be albumin, e.g., bovine serum albumin (BSA).

The present invention relates to vaccine compositions comprising Norovirus antigens and adjuvants, in particular, mixtures of monovalent VLPs and mixtures of multivalent VLPs, and to methods of conferring protective immunity to Norovirus infections in a human subject.

The present disclosure provides, in part, a priming and boosting vector-based platform to develop vaccines against pathogens that is tailored to elicit a broad T cell response targeting conserved viral epitopes. The universal vaccines are prepared against an immunogen of an infectious pathogenic organism selected from a virus, a bacteria, a fungus or a protozoan comprising at least one ribonucleic acid (RNA) polynucleotide comprising an open reading frame encoding at least one polypeptide antigen or an immunogenic fragment thereof, wherein the polypeptide antigen, or the immunogenic fragment thereof, comprises a conserved internal protein that is enriched in CD8+ T cell recognition antigens. The effectiveness of the priming and boosting platform is tested in a humanized mouse model comprising a fully functional human immune system.

The present invention is directed to novel nucleotide sequences of Senecavirus A (“SVA”), including novel genotypes thereof, which are useful as live attenuated and other vaccine compositions for treating and preventing diseases in swine and other animals. Vaccines provided according to the practice of the invention are effective against multiple swine SVA genotypes and isolates. Diagnostic and therapeutic sequences are also a feature of the present invention, as are infectious clones useful in the propagation of the virus and in the preparation of vaccines. Particularly important aspects of the invention include polynucleotide constructs that replicate in tissue culture and in host swine. The invention also provides for novel full length SVA genomes that can replicate efficiently in host animals and tissue culture.

The present invention is directed to novel nucleotide sequences of Senecavirus A (“SVA”), including novel genotypes thereof, which are useful as live attenuated and other vaccine compositions for treating and preventing diseases in swine and other animals. Vaccines provided according to the practice of the invention are effective against multiple swine SVA genotypes and isolates. Diagnostic and therapeutic sequences are also a feature of the present invention, as are infectious clones useful in the propagation of the virus and in the preparation of vaccines. Particularly important aspects of the invention include polynucleotide constructs that replicate in tissue culture and in host swine. The invention also provides for novel full length SVA genomes that can replicate efficiently in host animals and tissue culture.

A method for eliciting an immune response in a patient includes the sequential steps of: providing an immunogenic composition including an immunogen; adding a metal-based coordination complex to the immunogenic composition to inactivate or attenuate the immunogen; and administering the immunogenic composition to the patient so as to elicit the immune response against the immunogen. A method for preparing an attenuated immunogenic composition includes the steps of: providing an immunogenic composition including an immunogen; and adding a metal-based coordination complex to the immunogenic composition to inactivate or attenuate the immunogen in the immunogenic composition to provide the attenuated immunogenic composition.

A method for eliciting an immune response in a patient includes the sequential steps of: providing an immunogenic composition including an immunogen; adding a metal-based coordination complex to the immunogenic composition to inactivate or attenuate the immunogen; and administering the immunogenic composition to the patient so as to elicit the immune response against the immunogen. A method for preparing an attenuated immunogenic composition includes the steps of: providing an immunogenic composition including an immunogen; and adding a metal-based coordination complex to the immunogenic composition to inactivate or attenuate the immunogen in the immunogenic composition to provide the attenuated immunogenic composition.

The present invention is directed to an artificial nucleic acid and to polypeptides suitable for use in treatment or prophylaxis of an infection with Norovirus or a disorder related to such an infection. In particular, the present invention concerns a Norovirus vaccine. The present invention is directed to an artificial nucleic acid, polypeptides, compositions and vaccines comprising the artificial nucleic acid or the polypeptides. The invention further concerns a method of treating or preventing a disorder or a disease, first and second medical uses of the artificial nucleic acid, polypeptides, compositions and vaccines. Further, the invention is directed to a kit, particularly to a kit of parts, comprising the artificial nucleic acid, polypeptides, compositions and vaccines.

The present invention is directed to an artificial nucleic acid and to polypeptides suitable for use in treatment or prophylaxis of an infection with Norovirus or a disorder related to such an infection. In particular, the present invention concerns a Norovirus vaccine. The present invention is directed to an artificial nucleic acid, polypeptides, compositions and vaccines comprising the artificial nucleic acid or the polypeptides. The invention further concerns a method of treating or preventing a disorder or a disease, first and second medical uses of the artificial nucleic acid, polypeptides, compositions and vaccines. Further, the invention is directed to a kit, particularly to a kit of parts, comprising the artificial nucleic acid, polypeptides, compositions and vaccines.

The present invention addresses the issue of providing a norovirus component vaccine for subcutaneous, intradermal, percutaneous, or intramuscular administration which vaccine can readily immunize the target cells, an associated product of a molecular needle serving as an active ingredient of the vaccine, and a production method for the associated product. The invention provides a norovirus component vaccine containing, as an active ingredient, an associated product including a hexamer formed through bonding of two molecules of a trimer of a molecular needle represented by the following formula (1). W-L.sub.1-X.sub.n—Y (1) [wherein W represents an amino acid sequence of P domain of the capsid protein of norovirus as an immunogen; L.sub.1 represents a first linker sequence having 0 to 100 amino acids; X represents an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1; Y represents an amino acid sequence of a cell introduction domain; n is an integer of 1 to 3].