Bacterial strains are provided having at least one of a reduced size, a sialic acid coat, inducibly altered surface antigens, and expression of PD-L1 or CTLA-4 antagonists and/or tryptophanase. The bacteria may have improved serum half-life, increased penetration into tumors, increased tumor targeting and increased antitumor activity. The bacteria are useful for delivery of therapeutic agents that treat of neoplastic diseases including solid tumors and lymphomas.

The application is directed to in vitro-reared Plasmodium sporozoites of human host range wherein sporogony from gametocyte stage to sporozoite stage is external to mosquitoes, and methods of producing the same. Provided herein are in vitro-reared infectious Plasmodium sporozoites (SPZ) of human host range, particularly P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi, wherein sporogony from gametocyte stage to sporozoite stage is external to mosquitoes, and methods of producing the same.

The invention relates to a modified Neisseria lactamica, wherein the modified Neisseria lactamica is transformed with recombinant DNA encoding a heterologous protein; a method of prophylactic treatment for pathogenic infection of a subject comprising nasopharyngeal inoculation of a modified Neisseria lactamica; a method of reducing or preventing meningococcal colonisation of a subject; a method of modifying the microbiome of a subject; a wild-type Neisseria lactamica for use for the prophylactic treatment of meningococcal infection of a subject or reducing colonisation of a subject, wherein the prophylactic treatment comprises nasopharyngeal inoculation of the wild-type Neisseria lactamica; associated nucleic acid for mutagenesis of Neisseria lactamica; methods of mutagenesis; outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines; and associated compositions and methods thereof.

The present invention aims to provide a composition for promoting humoral immunity induction and a vaccine pharmaceutical composition that can be universally used for various antigens in inducing humoral immunity to antigens, contain a Th2 reaction promoter, and exerts a high humoral immunity inducing effect. The present invention relates to a vaccine pharmaceutical composition containing an antigen for humoral immunity induction and at least one Th2 reaction. promoter.

This invention describes vaccine compositions and their methods of use utilizing inactivated fbp1 deletion mutant fungal cells.

Strains of human-derived bacteria have been obtained from complex fecal samples and shown to induce accumulation of Th17 cells in the intestine and promote immune functions. Pharmaceutical compositions containing these bacteria can be used as anti-infectives and as adjuvants in mucosal vaccines.

The invention provides immunostimulatory glycolipids and compositions thereof and methods of use thereof.

It was found that bacteria belonging to the genus Clostridium induce accumulation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the colon. Moreover, the present inventors found that regulatory T cells (Treg cells) induced by from these bacteria suppressed proliferation of effector T-cells. From these findings, the present inventors found that the use of bacteria belonging to the genus Clostridium or a physiologically active substance derived therefrom made it possible to induce proliferation or accumulation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells), and further to suppress immune functions.

It was found that bacteria belonging to the genus Clostridium induce accumulation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the colon. Moreover, the present inventors found that regulatory T cells (Treg cells) induced by from these bacteria suppressed proliferation of effector T-cells. From these findings, the present inventors found that the use of bacteria belonging to the genus Clostridium or a physiologically active substance derived therefrom made it possible to induce proliferation or accumulation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells), and further to suppress immune functions.

Disclosed are methods, systems, components, and compositions for cell-free synthesis of glycosylated carrier proteins. The glycosylated carrier proteins may be utilized in vaccines, including anti-bacterial vaccines. The glycosylated carrier proteins may include a bacterial polysaccharide conjugated to a carrier, which may be utilized to generate an immune response in an immunized host against the polysaccharide conjugated to the carrier. The glycosylated carrier proteins may be synthesized in cell-free glycoprotein synthesis (CFGpS) systems using prokaryote cell lysates that are enriched in components for glycoprotein synthesis such as oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) and lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) including OSTs and LLOs associated with synthesis of bacterial O antigens.