The present invention relates to a liquid composition of live Mollicutes bacteria and a stabiliser, whereby the stabiliser is a natural deep-eutectic solvent (NADES). In this liquid composition the live Mollicutes are stabilised without need for freezing or freeze-drying. This allows various advantageous uses in diagnostics and medicine, specifically as a liquid vaccine for use against infection or disease caused by Mollicutes bacteria, for human- or non-human animals.

A nutraceutical composition comprising prebiotics, probiotics, and/or synbiotics, spirulina, cereals and micronutrients for improving a person's health, and methods for boosting the immune system and improving vaccine effectiveness in vulnerable populations with the nutraceutical composition, including undernourished children, lactating and pregnant mothers in LDCs, the elderly, and persons with cancer or at risk of developing cancer.

Methods and compositions for the immunization of animals and humans using an oral immunization or vaccine that comprises B. anthracis Sterne strain 34F2 spores suspended in alginate and coated with a shell containing poly-L-lysine (PEL), a vitelline protein B (VpB), or both and an external coating of alginate in an amount sufficient to protect an animal or human from a lethal dose of anthrax.

Disclosed are methods of treating individuals with yeast-based immunotherapy who have been preselected as being sensitive to type I interferons, as well as methods for selecting individuals for treatment with yeast-based immunotherapeutic compositions and methods for enhancing or improving an individual's response to yeast-based immunotherapy, based on the individual's sensitivity to type 1 interferons (T1IFNs).

Methods and compositions for the treatment of cancer are provided. The compositions comprise gut bacterial lysates and/or components thereof. The method comprises administration to a subject in need thereof of a gut bacterial lysate. Also provided are methods comprising administration of a gut bacterial lysate in combination with another cancer treatment.

The invention provides compositions comprising bacterial strains for treating and preventing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

The present disclosure is related to immunomodulatory bacterial minicells and methods of using the minicells.

The result of orally administering saliva derived from a Crohn’s disease patient or an ulcerative colitis patient to germ-free mice has revealed that Th1 cells markedly increased in the colons. Further, from the bacterial microbiota in the intestines of the mice in which such an increase in Th1 cells were observed, bacteria have been successfully isolated which caused strong Th1 cell induction in the colon upon intestinal colonization.

The invention provides a combination therapy comprising a bacterial strain for treating or preventing cancer.

Bacterial strains are provided having at least one of a reduced size, a sialic acid coat, inducibly altered surface antigens, and expression of PD-L1 or CTLA-4 antagonists and/or tryptophanase. The bacteria may have improved serum half-life, increased penetration into tumors, increased tumor targeting and increased antitumor activity. The bacteria are useful for delivery of therapeutic agents that treat of neoplastic diseases including solid tumors and lymphomas.