A preparation method of an expansive polymer grouting material for treating high-pressure large-flow-rate karst water inrush includes: 1) adding a crosslinking agent to acrylic acid; then adding a polymer water-absorbent resin comonomer and performing a polymerization reaction to obtain a precursor; 2) adding an initiator to the precursor obtained in step 1), heating the mixture, performing a reaction to obtain a hydrogel, and grinding the hydrogel to obtain a primary polymer water-absorbent resin; 3) spraying a surface crosslinking agent onto a surface of the primary polymer water-absorbent resin obtained in step 2), and drying the product; and 4) preparing a suspension from an inorganic water conducting agent, spraying the suspension onto the product obtained in step 3), and performing drying to obtain the expansive polymer grouting material.

Disclosed herein is a process of forming an inorganic water barrier layer on top of a porous substrate by means of microbially induced calcium carbonate or calcite precipitation (MICP), the process comprising the steps of: providing a porous substrate having a surface; depositing a urease-active slurry onto the surface of the porous substrate to form a bioslurry layer; and subjecting the bioslurry layer to one or more treatments with an aqueous solution comprising urea and a water barrier source material to convert the bioslurry layer into an inorganic water barrier layer. The process further comprises a step of covering the bioslurry layer with a layer of a porous material that has a surface, where the one or more treatments with an aqueous solution comprising urea and a water barrier source material are initially applied to the surface of the porous material. The porous material acts as a reservoir for the aqueous solution to sustain the biocementation of bioslurry into the desired inorganic water barrier layer.

The present invention provides a multi-layer barrier assembly or device for post-installation injection of a resin, grout, or other fluid. The barrier device comprises first and second layers defining an intermediate open-matrix layer, and at least one injection conduit member in parallel orientation with respect to the first and second layers and having openings for injecting fluid into the intermediate open-matrix layer. The injection conduit may be located between and in parallel orientation with respect to the first and second layers, along an edge of the first and/or second layers, along an outer face of the first layer (if the first layer is a woven or nonwoven fabric), or at any combination of these locations, to enable fluid to be conveyed into the intermediate open-matrix layer. The invention also provides for use of a gel activator within the barrier device cavity, such as pre-installed on open-matrix structure which used for separating the first and second layers of the barrier device, such that a highly flowable injection fluid can be introduced into the device, and its gelation or hardening will be initiated or accelerated by the presence of the gel activator. This will allow for low power grout pumps to be used and facilitate the sealing of fine cracks in the surrounding concrete.

The present invention provides a multi-layer barrier assembly or device for post-installation injection of a resin, grout, or other fluid. The barrier device comprises first and second layers defining an intermediate open-matrix layer, and at least one injection conduit member in parallel orientation with respect to the first and second layers and having openings for injecting fluid into the intermediate open-matrix layer. The injection conduit may be located between and in parallel orientation with respect to the first and second layers, along an edge of the first and/or second layers, along an outer face of the first layer (if the first layer is a woven or nonwoven fabric), or at any combination of these locations, to enable fluid to be conveyed into the intermediate open-matrix layer. The invention also provides for use of a gel activator within the barrier device cavity, such as pre-installed on open-matrix structure which used for separating the first and second layers of the barrier device, such that a highly flowable injection fluid can be introduced into the device, and its gelation or hardening will be initiated or accelerated by the presence of the gel activator. This will allow for low power grout pumps to be used and facilitate the sealing of fine cracks in the surrounding concrete.

A tunnel reinforcement system having a plurality of structural supports positioned at spaced intervals along the length of a tunnel. Each structural support has a plurality of structural segments connected in an end to end relationship. Each structural segment has a plurality of bars connected to a first end and a second end, in which the first end comprises a first butt plate having one or more apertures, and the second end comprises a second butt plate having one or more apertures. The one or more apertures of the first butt plate or the second butt plate of a structural segment are coaxially aligned with the one or more apertures of the first butt plate or the second butt plate of another structural segment in an end to end relationship. The first butt plate or the second butt plate of a structural segment is attachable to the first butt plate or the second butt plate of another structural segment in an end to end relationship. Each structural support defines a geometric supporting framework.

Disclosed are methods, compositions, and composition packages for spray-coating a membrane for waterproofing a concrete tunnel applications. After primer coating is applied onto a surface in the tunnel, the coating composition is sprayed to form a membrane, and then concrete is cast or sprayed against the membrane so that it can bond to the membrane. Coating compositions comprise two or more acrylate monomers, as well as initiator, accelerator, and optional additive. Preferably, the coating composition is established by using a two-part package, one part having initiator, the other part having accelerator, and each part containing the monomers and optional additives so that the two parts can be shipped to the application site and mixed in a 1:1 ratio during spraying. The waterproofing coating composition provides excellent bonding with concrete.

Disclosed are methods, compositions, and composition packages for spray-coating a membrane for waterproofing a concrete tunnel applications. After primer coating is applied onto a surface in the tunnel, the coating composition is sprayed to form a membrane, and then concrete is cast or sprayed against the membrane so that it can bond to the membrane. Coating compositions comprise two or more acrylate monomers, as well as initiator, accelerator, and optional additive. Preferably, the coating composition is established by using a two-part package, one part having initiator, the other part having accelerator, and each part containing the monomers and optional additives so that the two parts can be shipped to the application site and mixed in a 1:1 ratio during spraying. The waterproofing coating composition provides excellent bonding with concrete.

An underground support system having an underground reinforcement system that is at least partially encapsulated with concrete or a cement material. The underground reinforcement system includes a flexible wire mesh having a matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires. The matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires has at least one three-dimensional sheet, each sheet having at least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an underground space. The raised corrugation acts as a template depth girder for application of concrete or cement material at a defined depth such that the underground reinforcement system is at least partially encapsulated with the concrete or cement material.

An underground support system having an underground reinforcement system that is at least partially encapsulated with concrete or a cement material. The underground reinforcement system includes a flexible wire mesh having a matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires. The matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires has at least one three-dimensional sheet, each sheet having at least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an underground space. The raised corrugation acts as a template depth girder for application of concrete or cement material at a defined depth such that the underground reinforcement system is at least partially encapsulated with the concrete or cement material.

A hydraulic end die of a tunnel secondary lining trolley, comprises a trolley side die-end die assembly (6) and a trolley top die-end die assembly (10). The trolley side die-end die assembly is fixed at an outer ring of a trolley side die assembly (2) by means of a trolley side die-end die fixing device (3); the trolley top die-end die assembly is fixed at an outer ring of a trolley top die assembly (11) by means of a trolley top die-end die fixing device (8); and the trolley side die-end die assembly and the trolley top die-end die assembly are connected to a hydraulic control system by means of a trolley side die-end die hydraulic telescopic device (4) and a trolley top die-end die hydraulic telescopic device (9) respectively. Further disclosed is a construction method for a hydraulic end die of a tunnel secondary lining trolley. The hydraulic end die of the tunnel secondary lining trolley and the construction method therefor can conveniently and quickly mount and dismount the trolley end dies while accelerating the construction progress of tunnel secondary lining construction, thus reducing construction costs and improving labor productivity.