The optimized mine ventilation system of this invention supplements mine ventilation basic control systems composed of PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers with human machine interfaces from vendors such as Allen-Bradley, Modicon and others) or DCSs (Distributed Control System from vendors such as ABB and others) with supervisory control establishing a dynamic ventilation demand as a function of real-time tracking of machinery and/or personnel location and where this demand is optimally distributed in the work zones via the mine ventilation network and where the energy required to ventilate is minimized while totally satisfying the demand for each work zones. The optimized mine ventilation system operates on the basis of a predictive dynamic simulation model of the mine ventilation network along with emulated control equipment such as fans and air flow regulators. The model always reaches an air mass flow balance where the pressure and density is preferably compensated for depth and accounts for the natural ventilation pressure flows due to temperature differences. Model setpoints are checked for safety bounds and sent to real physical control equipment via the basic control system.

Ventilation system (1) of a tunnel or covered road section (2), in which the tunnel (2) comprises at least a first tunnel tube or carriageway (11; 11, 12) with a first entrance (3; 3, 5) and a first exit (4; 4, 6) for traffic (T1; T1, T2) through the at least first tunnel tube (11), and the ventilation system (1) is equipped for: the production of a blind flow or recirculation flow of air inside the at least first tunnel tube during use, and the controlled discharge of air from the blind flow or recirculation flow at the entrance and/or exit of the at least first tunnel tube.

In one example, we describe a method and system for Tunnel Air Ventilation, which is very practical, economical, and easy to install or implement. The repair and maintenance is safer and less expensive. The overall cost of installation and repair is lower. The system is more stable, and thus, safer for the vehicles and people. It is not damaged by sand, and it does not cause damage to vehicles by sand. So, the risk is minimized. The overall value for the government and society is very high. The efficiency and low down time translates to a cleaner air in the tunnel, which is a major health issue for people, which causes sickness and even death for pollution and toxicity, or by fatal accidents in the tunnel, due to intoxication of the drivers or dizziness. Different variations are also discussed and shown.

A top-down sequential-building construction method for deep and large vertical shaft cavern groups is provided. The construction method includes the following steps. A preparation is made for a construction. A vertical shaft locking beam is constructed. A vertical shaft is constructed. A post-construction maintenance is performed. The vertical shaft is constructed through a staged construction, which includes the following steps: S1, constructing from a vertical shaft surface to a contact air channel elevation; S2, constructing a contact air channel; S3, constructing from the contact air channel elevation to a vertical shaft bottom. Both constructing from the vertical shaft surface to the contact air channel elevation and from the contact air channel elevation to the vertical shaft bottom include constructing a lining structure from bottom to top.