Method of forming a cement-based material pad (3) comprising a plurality of drainage holes and forms for use in such a method.

Some deck or patio areas constructed of payers mourned on adjustable pedestal supports must remain snow and ice free on their top surfaces. The pedestal-mounted paver heating system is designed to allow easy installation of electric heating cable that is positioned against the bottom surface of pavers so that heat generated by the cable is efficiently transferred up into the payers to raise their temperature enough to prevent the accumulation of snow and ice on their top surfaces.

The invention provides a binder composition comprising: (a) ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), (b) basic oxygen slag (BOS), and (c) an alkaline inorganic waste material selected from by-pass dust (BPD), cement kiln dust (CKD), and mixtures thereof. The use of such a composition as a binder in a concrete mix, concrete mixes comprising such a composition, methods of manufacturing concrete articles, and concrete articles such as paving blocks are also provided.

This invention relates to a vehicle arresting system comprising an arrestor-bed 1, of a compactible foam material having a bulk compressive strength and a longitudinal centre axis A-A extending from a front end to a back end opposite the front end, wherein the arrestor-bed comprises a set of linear zones having a compressive strength lower than the bulk compressive strength extending in parallel with the longitudinal centre axis of the bed, and/or are angled with an angle ?, where 0?<?<45?, towards the longitudinal centre axis of the arrestor-bed.

Generally L-shaped, square, rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, parallelogram and other-shaped paving stones with inter-fitting vertical spacers forming serpentine side contact surfaces that provide enhanced stone-to-stone interlocking in both water-permeable and water-impermeable paving installations.

The present invention provides a bidirectional energy-transfer system comprising: a thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete, disposed in a structural object; a location of energy supply or demand that is physically isolated from, but in thermodynamic and/or electromagnetic communication with, the thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete; and a means of transferring energy between the structural object and the location of energy supply or demand. The system can be a single node in a neural network. The thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete includes a conductive, shock-absorbing material, such as graphite. Preferred compositions are disclosed for the thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete. The bidirectional energy-transfer system may be present in a solar-energy collection system, a grade beam, an indoor radiant flooring system, a structural wall or ceiling, a bridge, a roadway, a driveway, a parking lot, a commercial aviation runway, a military runway, a grain silo, or pavers, for example.

The present invention provides a bidirectional energy-transfer system comprising: a thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete, disposed in a structural object; a location of energy supply or demand that is physically isolated from, but in thermodynamic and/or electromagnetic communication with, the thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete; and a means of transferring energy between the structural object and the location of energy supply or demand. The system can be a single node in a neural network. The thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete includes a conductive, shock-absorbing material, such as graphite. Preferred compositions are disclosed for the thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete. The bidirectional energy-transfer system may be present in a solar-energy collection system, a grade beam, an indoor radiant flooring system, a structural wall or ceiling, a bridge, a roadway, a driveway, a parking lot, a commercial aviation runway, a military runway, a grain silo, or pavers, for example.

Generally L-shaped, square, rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, parallelogram and other-shaped paving stones with inter-fitting vertical spacers forming serpentine side contact surfaces that provide enhanced stone-to-stone interlocking in both water-permeable and water-impermeable paving installations.

The present invention provides a bidirectional energy-transfer system comprising: a thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete, disposed in a structural object; a location of energy supply or demand that is physically isolated from, but in thermodynamic and/or electromagnetic communication with, the thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete; and a means of transferring energy between the structural object and the location of energy supply or demand. The system can be a single node in a neural network. The thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete includes a conductive, shock-absorbing material, such as graphite. Preferred compositions are disclosed for the thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete. The bidirectional energy-transfer system may be present in a solar-energy collection system, a grade beam, an indoor radiant flooring system, a structural wall or ceiling, a bridge, a roadway, a driveway, a parking lot, a commercial aviation runway, a military runway, a grain silo, or pavers, for example.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing pavement elements made of concrete for manufacturing concrete paving stones or concrete slabs by a paving stone machine. The pavement elements are produced as multi-layer pavement elements {1} and have at least one core concrete layer manufactured from a core concrete and at least one face concrete layer manufactured from a face concrete. In the method, the core concrete is introduced into at least one mold and compressed. Subsequently the face concrete is additionally introduced onto the compressed core concrete and is likewise compressed, and the core concrete and the face concrete are cured.