Lawn edging comprises a segmented elongate member (11) in which segments (11A) are joined in one of its two states by plastic hinges (21) and by thinned regions or cut-outs (23), (24) of base (12) and of arcuate wall member (13). The edging is rigid in that form and can be used to edge a straight boundary between an artificial grass area and another landscape feature. Removal of cut-outs (23, 24) from the connection region between two segments disapplies the flexibility restraint they impose. The segments concerned can then be displaced one relative to the other by articulation at the hinge (21) to accommodate non-linearity such as commonly found in such boundaries. One or more than one connection region can be treated in this way depending on need.

An edge restraint and method of use where the edge restraint has a vertical wall for retaining segmental pavement in an installation placement and a horizontal base having a plurality of teeth extending therefrom and providing discrete focused points for providing friction between the edge restraint and an installation surface to prevent horizontal movement of the edging in at least one direction with respect to the installation surface. A leading edge of the base is installed under a first surface with the wall providing a barrier between the first surface and a second surface for engaging the teeth with a third surface to prevent movement of edging in a horizontal direction away from the first surface.

Various monolithic pavers are one-piece pavers with no seams, joints, or connections. A monolithic paver can be formed via three dimensional (3D) printing or molding. The monolithic paver is designed to carry applied loads to paver support(s) via structural members of the monolithic paver. The monolithic paver is formed to include parallel structural members that are spaced with gaps there between. The parallel structural members include top flanges and webs. The parallel structural members can also include bottom flanges. Moreover, the monolithic paver can have exterior sides that have tongues and grooves formed there along; tongues can be formed along adjoining exterior sides of the monolithic paver.

A land area can be improved to support a geotextile having nonwoven top and bottom layers, and a geogrid core. The top layer defining at least one parking space, such that land areas of various sizes can be covered to form parking lots with rain-draining features.

Lawn edging comprises a segmented elongate member (11) in which segments (11A) are joined in one of its two states by plastic hinges (21) and by thinned regions or cut-outs (23), (24) of base (12) and of arcuate wall member (13). The edging is rigid in that form and can be used to edge a straight boundary between an artificial grass area and another landscape feature. Removal of cut-outs (23, 24) from the connection region between two segments disapplies the flexibility restraint they impose. The segments concerned can then be displaced one relative to the other by articulation at the hinge (21) to accommodate non-linearity such as commonly found in such boundaries. One or more than one connection region can be treated in this way depending on need.

Provided is a surfacing system, such as an artificial turf system. The surfacing system includes a base member formed from a plurality of interconnected tile members. The base member is configured to accept a suitable amount of infill material. A covering layer such as an artificial turf layer is applied over the infilled base member and secured to a flexible outer border member. Also provided is a method of installing the surfacing system.

A method includes compacting an aggregate bed to obtain a compacted tile bed surface of a tile bed; installing a plurality of porcelain tiles between a plurality of spacers on the compacted tile bed surface, wherein each of the plurality of spacers comprises: a base component; and a plurality of vertical components supported by the base component, each vertical component comprising a tapered shape on an interior end of the vertical component; adding a polymeric sand composition to a first joint in an intermediate porcelain tile installation to obtain a first joint-filled porcelain tile surface; compacting the first joint-filled porcelain tile surface; and activating the polymeric sand composition in the first joint-filled porcelain tile surface.

A cement form includes a unitary body portion having a first surface arranged vertically and configured to support a volume of cement, a second surface arranged horizontally and configured to contact a ground support surface, a foam material, and a detachable portion. The cement form may include a connector groove formed in the weight bearing surface and extending along at least a portion of a length of the body portion. The connector groove is configured to receive a connecting member that extends between adjacent positioned cement forms. The detachable portion may be positioned adjacent to the connector groove.

A paver block restraint system is proposed where the included bosses are disposed at an angle with respect to the ground such that the anchoring nails (or spikes) are into a fixed position underneath the paver block. The anchoring nails may be driven at an angle that essentially passes through (or near) the inner corner of an L-shaped support member and thus substantially minimizes (if not eliminates) any movement of the support member with respect to the edge of the paver block.

A paving system includes a base layer; a sand layer of coarse angular sand above the base layer: a tile layer of porcelain tiles above the sand layer; and a metal edge restraint staked down along an edge of the paved surface. The base layer may include a reinforcement grid. A tile edging apparatus includes an elongated tile edge restraint strip having a longitudinal axis extending between a first end and a second end and a vertical axis extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and between an upper end and a lower end: a fixation projection extending out from a first lateral side of the edge restraint strip, the fixation projection including an aperture extending generally vertically therethrough; and a tile support projection extending out from a second lateral side of the edge restraint strip opposite the first lateral side, the tile support projection including a tile support surface.