The present embodiment relates to a planar heating composite sheet including: a planar heating layer including a base sheet having a predetermined width and length, a plurality of electrodes coated to an upper surface of the base sheet along a width direction of the base sheet, with different polarities being alternately arranged at regular intervals along a length direction of the base sheet, a conductive paste coated entirely between the plurality of electrodes on the upper surface of the base sheet and generating heat by electrical resistance, and an insulating sheet made of a synthetic resin material and attached to an upper portion of the conductive paste; and a heat insulating layer including a heat insulating sheet attached to a lower portion of the planar heating layer and including a non-woven fabric impregnated with aerogel, and a protective sheet made of a synthetic resin material.

A building system comprising of a plurality of panels wherein the building system is configured to be either superposed an existing structure or a ground surface. The plurality of panels of the building system are shaped so as to be mateable when place adjacent to each other. The panels include a bottom and walls that form an interior volume. The bottom and walls of the panels are manufactured from a thermally conductive material such as but not limited to metal. The interior volume of the panels are filled with a lightweight structural material such as but not limited to polyurethane foam or autoclaved concrete. A first temperature source is disposed within the panels and is configured to have a fluid pass therethrough. A second temperature source is present and is a heating element. The panels are operable to utilize either temperature sources.

A building system comprising of a plurality of panels wherein the building system is configured to be either superposed an existing structure or a ground surface. The plurality of panels of the building system are shaped so as to be mateable when place adjacent to each other. The panels include a bottom and walls that form an interior volume. The bottom and walls of the panels are manufactured from a thermally conductive material such as but not limited to metal. The interior volume of the panels are filled with a lightweight structural material such as but not limited to polyurethane foam or autoclaved concrete. A first temperature source is disposed within the panels and is configured to have a fluid pass therethrough. A second temperature source is present and is a heating element. The panels are operable to utilize either temperature sources.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a road pavement comprising pipes of a device for a heat exchanger, comprising the following steps: a) digging a course to create grooves extending in a same direction and strips connecting the grooves, then b) laying the pipe having a crushing strength higher than 2 000N per linear metre of pipe at 100 C. into the grooves created in step a); and then c) filling the empty space left free by the pipe in the grooves with an asphalt mix having a working temperature lower than 160 C., based on: a hydrocarbon binder, at least 90% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the asphalt mix, of an aggregate fraction the elements of which have dimensions less than 10 mm, and comprising from 30% to 60% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the aggregate fraction, of sand, d) applying a surface course for a road pavement.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a road pavement comprising pipes of a device for a heat exchanger, comprising the following steps: a) digging a course to create grooves extending in a same direction and strips connecting the grooves, then b) laying the pipe having a crushing strength higher than 2 000N per linear metre of pipe at 100 C. into the grooves created in step a); and then c) filling the empty space left free by the pipe in the grooves with an asphalt mix having a working temperature lower than 160 C., based on: a hydrocarbon binder, at least 90% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the asphalt mix, of an aggregate fraction the elements of which have dimensions less than 10 mm, and comprising from 30% to 60% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the aggregate fraction, of sand, d) applying a surface course for a road pavement.

The present invention provides a pavement deicing or snow-melting system, comprising a water-permeable pavement, a drainage device and a heating device, wherein the water-permeable pavement comprises, successively from the top down, a water-permeable asphalt concrete coating, a porous cement stabilized macadam layer, a reflecting layer, a waterproof layer, a semi-rigid base and a semi-rigid cushion; the drainage device comprises a drainage ditch and a sheet cover; a water inlet is formed on the drainage ditch; a lower edge of the drainage ditch is not lower than the waterproof layer; curbs are arranged on edges of the water-permeable asphalt concrete coating and the porous cement stabilized macadam layer; and, the heating device is arranged between the water-permeable asphalt concrete coating and the porous cement stabilized macadam layer.

A snow melting assembly for a driveway includes a controller that comprises a microprocessor and a receiver. The receiver is operationally coupled to the microprocessor. A cable is coupled to and extends from the controller. A first mat is coupled to the cable distal from the controller. The first mat comprises rubber so that the first mat is resiliently compressible and rollable. A first heating element is embedded in the first mat. The first heating element is operationally coupled to the cable. A power cord is coupled to and extends from the controller. The power cord is configured to couple the controller to a source of electrical current. Programming code is positioned on an electronic device that enables a user to wirelessly communicate with the microprocessor, via the receiver, to signal the microprocessor to actuate the first heating element to melt the snow that is positioned on the first mat.

A temperature controlled structure assembly comprises an array of structural panels each including at least one channel formed therein. At least one channel of each of the structural panels is aligned with at least one of the channels of an adjacent one of the structural panels to form a continuous channel extending through the array of the structural panels. At least one functional panel overlays the array of structural panels and is exposed for contact with a user. At least one heat exchanging element is disposed within the continuous channel and configured to exchange heat with the at least one functional panel in order to heat or cool the at least one functional panel.

A customizable playing field includes a turf system comprising a tile with a turf layer. The tile overlays a subfloor, defining a reservoir thereunder. A forced air system includes a pipe disposed within the reservoir and operatively coupled to a pump; and a sensor. A control system controls the pump, and includes a processor in data communication with at least one input/output device and computer memory. The computer memory has a program with machine readable instructions that, when effected by the processor, perform the following steps: if the temperature is above a predetermined threshold as measured by the sensor, forcing a cool fluid through the pipe; and if the temperature is below a predetermined threshold as measured by the sensor, forcing a warm fluid through the pipe.

A subsurface energy storage system includes roadway housings arranged to define a surface to carry vehicles. Each roadway housing has an energy storage assembly having a housing defining cavities, and energy storage units respectively carried within the cavities and being electrically coupled together. Each roadway housing also includes a layer adjacent to the energy storage assembly and to provide the surface to carry vehicles. The subsurface energy storage system also includes an energy storage management controller coupled to the energy storage units in the roadway housings.