Methods and compositions for the installation of scientifically engineered and constructed unpaved runways are disclosed herein. The compositions are heterogeneous mixtures produced by blending aliphatic or cyclic organic compounds with binders that chemically react with gravel, aggregate, and soil particles to create permanent bonds, resulting in a strengthened and stabilized surface. When blended into the aggregate of a runway surface, the organic compounds act as a carrier fluid, distributing the binder system evenly so particles of all sizes are thoroughly and uniformly coated with the composition. Once the composition is distributed, an adhesion promoting compound reacts with constituents in the aggregate to increase the formation and strength of chemical bonds between particles.

Systems and methods for providing a running track having a reinforced base using post-tensioning are provided herein. In one exemplary configuration, the track comprises a reinforced concrete slab base that is poured over and around post-tensioning cables suspended therein. The post-tensioning cables include transverse cables that extend transversely across the base, and lengthwise cable structures extending lengthwise through the base. Each lengthwise cable structure includes a series of individual segments that are joined end-to-end to form respective continuous loops and are individually tensioned. The lengthwise cable structures thus exert compressive forces on the base that are continuous and uninterrupted about the circumferential length of the track. Moreover, the lengthwise cable segments are joined/tensioned from within voids initially formed within the concrete base and, after tensioning, these voids are filled with concrete to provide a concrete base having a uniform top surface that can also be covered in a running surface.

A running track includes a reinforced concrete slab base that is poured over and around post-tensioning cables suspended therein. The post-tensioning cables include transverse cables that extend transversely across the base, and lengthwise cable structures extending lengthwise through the base. Each lengthwise cable structure includes a series of individual segments that are joined end-to-end to form respective continuous loops and are individually tensioned. The lengthwise cable structures thus exert compressive forces on the base that are continuous and uninterrupted about the circumferential length of the track. The lengthwise cable segments are joined/tensioned from within voids initially formed within the concrete base and, after tensioning, these voids are filled with concrete to provide a concrete base having a uniform top surface that can also be covered in a running surface.

A floor pavement structure exhibiting resistance to overheating, the floor pavement structure comprising at least one heat conductive sub-layer including graphite, graphene or combinations thereof, the heat conductive sub-layer being disposed between a top layer and a substrate. The top layer may include a phase change material.

A safety surface with an engineered shock-absorbing base. The base may include one or more engineered resilient mats. The mats may be fabricated of repurposed tire rubber. The mats may be adjoined edgewise. Adjoined mats may be coupled together. The base may overlay a surface. The base may include upward-facing pockets. Interiors of the pockets may receive loose fill. An upper layer may cover the base. The upper layer may bond to the base. The upper layer may seal the loose fill within the safety surface. The upper layer may include poured-in-place surfacing. The upper layer may be textured. The upper layer may include synthetic turf. Impact upon the upper layer may be attenuated by flexion of the base. Mats may be coupled without hardware fasteners. Exterior surfaces of pockets of one mat may be nested into complementarily contoured features of an adjoining mat.

A coating, for example a piezochromic coating, can adhere to a pickleball court. The coating can mark a pickleball bounce point during pickleball play on the pickleball court. When a pickleball bounces from a coated surface of the pickleball court, the pickleball can produce a mark on or in the coating at the bounce point. The mark can provide a visible indication of location of the bounce point that informs whether the bounce point was in an in-bounds or an out-of-bounds area of the pickleball court. The coating can thus help players and/or referees determine who prevailed in a volley or won a point during a pickleball game.

The present invention provides for synthetic PIP surfacing materials surfacing materials and methods of making such materials wherein the surfaces of the materials have been modified with hydrophilic properties. The present invention also includes surfacing materials wherein a coating material is included with the surfacing to substantially modify the surfacing material with water retention or hydrophilic properties

Methods and compositions for the installation of scientifically engineered and constructed unpaved runways are disclosed herein. The compositions are heterogeneous mixtures produced by blending aliphatic or cyclic organic compounds with binders that chemically react with gravel, aggregate, and soil particles to create permanent bonds, resulting in a strengthened and stabilized surface. When blended into the aggregate of a runway surface, the organic compounds act as a carrier fluid, distributing the binder system evenly so particles of all sizes are thoroughly and uniformly coated with the composition. Once the composition is distributed, an adhesion promoting compound reacts with constituents in the aggregate to increase the formation and strength of chemical bonds between particles.

A water permeable court surface comprises a porous substrate (5) on which there is a porous rubber shock layer (3) on which is at least one layer (1,2) of an acrylic composition, wherein the acrylic composition comprises a two pack water based polyurethane.