An upconversion nanoparticle (UCN) coated with a layer of semiconductor material is disclosed. The UCN core acts as a nanotransducer to convert near infrared (NIR) to visible and/or ultraviolet (UV) light while the semiconductor shell serves as a photocatalyst. Upon excitation by NIR light, the UCN upconverts NIR light to UV and/or visible light of different wavelengths. Spectral overlap between the emitted UV and absorption wavelength of the coated TiO.sub.2 activates the TiO.sub.2 layer to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be used in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of cancer cells. Stability and uptake of the nanoparticles can be increased by altering the coating of the nanoparticle, such as by a polymer and a dispersion stabilizer.

An example provides a biodegradable upconversion nanoparticle with a core-double shell structure including: a core layer; an inorganic host matrix outer shell layer; and a transition layer positioned between the core layer and the outer shell layer and functioning as an energy transfer network, wherein the core layer, the outer shell layer, and the transition layer are biodegradable. By means of such a structure, a long decomposition time and high luminescent efficiency are ensured, and thus the biodegradable upconversion nanoparticle may remain in an organism body for a long time to allow the effect to persist.

The invention relates to a device (100) for treating a tissue portion (W). The device (100) comprises an application apparatus (130) for applying a first composition, a second composition and a third composition for treating the tissue portion (W) to the tissue portion (W), with the application apparatus (130) comprising at least one application opening (131) for transferring the compositions from the application apparatus (130) to the tissue portion (W). The device comprises an exposure apparatus (140) for exposing the compositions applied to the tissue portion (W) to light, with the exposure apparatus (140) comprising an exit area (141) for the exit of the light from the exposure apparatus (140). The device (100) comprises a carrying apparatus (150), with the carrying apparatus (150) carrying the at least one application opening (131) and the exit area (141). The application apparatus (130) is designed to accommodate a replaceable cartridge (200) containing the first composition, the second composition and/or the third composition.

Infection of a Gram-negative bacterium causes adverse effects on human health and biological experiments. Accordingly, a use of indocyanine green for resisting the Gram-negative bacterium or sterilizing the Gram-negative bacterium is provided. The indocyanine green can also be used with photodynamic therapy to bring about better antibacterial or bactericidal effects.

The present disclosure relates to a novel compound for photodynamic therapy of cancer, a composition including the same, and a method for photodynamic therapy of cancer, and more specifically, a novel photosensitizer compound based on NpImidazole having a CS functional group introduced, a composition and sensor including the same and a method for photodynamic therapy using the same.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment that involves the administration of a light-activatable drug followed by light activation of the lesion to produce reactive oxygen species that kill cancer cells. VISUDYNE, a liposomal formulation of benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) photosensitizer, is clinically approved for PDT of ocular diseases and is now being tested for PDT and imaging of pancreatic, brain, and other cancers. While VISUDYNE improves the pharmacokinetics of BPD, it lacks treatment selectivity. This present disclosure is directed to dBPD, dBPD nanoparticles, and preparation and use thereof that provide cancer treatment selectivity for cancers characterized by overexpression of folate receptor (FR).

Disclosed are methods of treating eyelid laxity. More particularly, this disclosure relates to a non-invasive method of treating or inhibiting the development or progression of eyelid laxity, comprising exposure of a palpebral conjunctiva of an eye followed by transconjunctival irradiation in the presence of a photosensitizer to Initiate crosslinking in tarsal plate tissue underlying the palpebral conjunctiva.