Kava and kratom compositions are described herein along with the methods of producing the same. The description contained herein describes methods for making a purified kava composition that is free or substantially free of flavokavain A and flavokavain B. In some embodiments, the kava composition is formulated as a ready-to-drink beverage. Certain compositions comprise a combination of a kava composition and a kratom composition made in accordance with the methods described herein.

The invention discloses an application of bacteria in preparation of a synergist for an immune checkpoint inhibitor. The bacteria are active bacteria or inactive whole-cell gut microbiota. By using a monobacterial oral preparation of human endogenous gut microbiota Alistipes combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, an anti-tumor immune protective response and an effect of remodeling gut microbiota is generated by stimulation of oral administration of active human commensal gut microbiota or inactive whole-cell human commensal gut microbiota, which significantly enhances an efficacy of the immune checkpoint inhibitor on multiple tumor species, enhances anti-tumor immune function, is conducive to improving the response rate of cancer immunotherapy populations, and has better safety, prolongs overall survival time of cancer patients, expands cancer patient population benefited from cancer immunotherapy (immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors), provides new combination therapy regimens and therapeutic drugs to treat immune checkpoint inhibitor-refractory tumor patients, and expands the patient benefited from cancer immunotherapy.

The invention discloses an application of bacteria in preparation of a synergist for an immune checkpoint inhibitor. The bacteria are active bacteria or inactive whole-cell gut microbiota. By using a monobacterial oral preparation of human endogenous gut microbiota Alistipes combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, an anti-tumor immune protective response and an effect of remodeling gut microbiota is generated by stimulation of oral administration of active human commensal gut microbiota or inactive whole-cell human commensal gut microbiota, which significantly enhances an efficacy of the immune checkpoint inhibitor on multiple tumor species, enhances anti-tumor immune function, is conducive to improving the response rate of cancer immunotherapy populations, and has better safety, prolongs overall survival time of cancer patients, expands cancer patient population benefited from cancer immunotherapy (immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors), provides new combination therapy regimens and therapeutic drugs to treat immune checkpoint inhibitor-refractory tumor patients, and expands the patient benefited from cancer immunotherapy.

A virus inactivation method is provided. The method includes irradiating a solution containing an artificially expressed antibody or antibody fragment with ultraviolet rays in the presence of a radical scavenger. The irradiating only aggregates 5% or less of the antibody or antibody fragment. A wavelength of the ultraviolet rays is 200 nm or longer and 315 nm or shorter. An irradiation amount of the ultraviolet rays is 300 mJ/cm.sup.2 or more. An irradiation time of the ultraviolet rays is 3 minutes or less. A concentration of the radical scavenger in the solution is 0.03 mM or more.

A virus inactivation method is provided. The method includes irradiating a solution containing an artificially expressed antibody or antibody fragment with ultraviolet rays in the presence of a radical scavenger. The irradiating only aggregates 5% or less of the antibody or antibody fragment. A wavelength of the ultraviolet rays is 200 nm or longer and 315 nm or shorter. An irradiation amount of the ultraviolet rays is 300 mJ/cm.sup.2 or more. An irradiation time of the ultraviolet rays is 3 minutes or less. A concentration of the radical scavenger in the solution is 0.03 mM or more.

The present invention provides use of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention and treatment of respiratory system disease. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine of the present invention can effectively prevent and treat pulmonary infection caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and COPD complicated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by activating the specific immune response of the body. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine of the present invention can reduce the bacterial load in the immunized subject through the established immunization procedures, thereby providing a technical solution that can effectively prevent pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which avoids the technical problems caused by the use of antibiotics such as poor effectiveness, difficulty in curing and proneness to drug resistance in the prior art to a certain degree.

The present invention belongs to the field of microbiology, and particularly relates to membrane vesicles (MVs) isolated from bacteria, and an isolation and preparation system and method for the membrane vesicles, and applications of the membrane vesicles. The bacteria of the present invention comprise Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. The invention uses ionizing irradiation to irradiate bacteria, and isolates and purifies the produced membrane vesicles. The membrane vesicles prepared can be used as a vaccine, a vaccine adjuvant and/or a pharmaceutical carrier. In addition, the present invention provides a biological composition comprising the membrane vesicles and inactivated bacteria. In addition, the present invention also provides a preparation system, and isolation and purification system for bacterial membrane vesicles and the corresponding method. The membrane vesicles obtained by using the system and method have high yield, high purity and easy to be industrialized.

Compositions and methods for the treatment of cancer are provided. Specifically, the disclosure provides a method for treating and/or inhibiting cancer or neoplasia in a subject, the method comprises contacting cancer cells obtained from the subject to be treated with an inhibitor of an immunity suppressing tumor protein; rendering the cancer cells proliferation-incompetent (e.g., by irradiation); and administering the treated cancer cells and a checkpoint inhibitor to the subject, wherein the inhibitor of an immunity suppressing tumor protein is an inhibitor of Inhibitor of differentiation protein 2 (Id2), Myc, and/or apolipoprotein E (ApoE).

The invention relates to a parenteral pharmaceutical composition comprising azacitidine and dimethyl sulfoxide.

The invention relates to a parenteral pharmaceutical composition comprising azacitidine and dimethyl sulfoxide.