A concrete wave attenuating apparatus facilitating the formation of a vertical oyster reef includes: A) A concrete wave attenuating frame having i) a concrete frame top and a concrete frame bottom defining a periphery of the frame, each having corners and sides extending between the corners, ii) concrete corner posts extending generally vertically between generally aligned corners of the concrete frame top and the concrete fame bottom, iii) concrete sides between the concrete corner posts extending generally vertically between the generally aligned sides of the of the concrete frame top and the concrete fame bottom, a plurality of passages extending through the concrete sides; B) A space defined within the concrete wave attenuating frame, wherein the plurality of passages extend to the space; and C) optionally Cultch material within the space.

A restoration cap unit for construction of eco-friendly structures in a body of water is provided, which is constructed from materials including a primarily calcium carbonate material; and a cement that is capable of holding the primarily calcium carbonate material, wherein the restoration cap unit has a first side and a second side which are attached at an edge to form a tent shaped structure, such that the restoration cap unit is configured to be placed on top of an existing restoration assembly to extend the height of the restoration assembly.

A system is provided for shoreline stabilization using a plurality of shoreline stabilization devices, having a base portion, which may be a solid structure or be formed from at least first two of the shoreline stabilization devices arranged in an end to end configuration on opposite sides of an imaginary line running perpendicular to the two shoreline stabilization devices; the base portion having a central protrusion or having at least one of the shoreline stabilization devices positioned perpendicular to and on top or in between the first two shoreline stabilization devices, and atop the imaginary line; and at least a second two of the plurality of shoreline stabilization devices each positioned on opposite sides of the imaginary line at an angle to provide at least two angled shoreline stabilization devices, forming an angle between a slope of between about 1.5:1 and 2:1.

A construction unit for construction of eco-friendly structures in a body of water is provided, wherein the construction unit is formed from at least a cementitious material, wherein the construction unit forms a rectangular prism having two or more extensions extending from a long face of the rectangular prism, wherein a first two of the two or more extensions are located at opposite ends of the long face of the rectangular prism, and, when present, additional extensions are located between the first two of the plurality of extensions, along with structures formed from the construction unit and methods for making the construction unit.

The invention provides scour protection methods and systems comprising a plurality of units, wherein each unit comprises a concrete matrix having a pH of less than 12; and wherein each unit can interlock with another unit: wherein said systems promotes and enhances the marine biological fauna and flora at the proximity of offshore aquatic infrastructures.

A concrete wave attenuating apparatus facilitating the formation of a vertical oyster reef includes: A) A concrete wave attenuating frame having i) a concrete frame top and a concrete frame bottom defining a periphery of the frame, each having corners and sides extending between the corners, ii) concrete corner posts extending generally vertically between generally aligned corners of the concrete frame top and the concrete fame bottom, iii) concrete sides between the concrete corner posts extending generally vertically between the generally aligned sides of the of the concrete frame top and the concrete fame bottom, a plurality of passages extending through the concrete sides; B) A space defined within the concrete wave attenuating frame, wherein the plurality of passages extend to the space; and C) optionally Cultch material within the space.

A system is provided for shoreline stabilization using a plurality of shoreline stabilization devices, having a base portion, which may be a solid structure or be formed from at least first two of the shoreline stabilization devices arranged in an end to end configuration on opposite sides of an imaginary line running perpendicular to the two shoreline stabilization devices; the base portion having a central protrusion or having at least one of the shoreline stabilization devices positioned perpendicular to and on top or in between the first two shoreline stabilization devices, and atop the imaginary line; and at least a second two of the plurality of shoreline stabilization devices each positioned on opposite sides of the imaginary line at an angle to provide at least two angled shoreline stabilization devices, forming an angle between a slope of between about 1.5:1 and 2:1.

An ephemeral substrate material for growing oysters that is composed of a biodegradable woven cloth, woven fabric, or woven netting and a binder comprising a mineral-based hardening agent, along with artificial oyster growing structures prepared from the ephemeral substrate material and methods of using the same to cultivate oysters, control shoreline erosion and develop a saltmarsh habitat.