A three-dimensional flow velocity vector, energy and mass gauge is provided, wherein it comprises an elastic leather cover, both ends of which are mounted with a rigid sealing plug, separately, the elastic leather cover and the rigid sealing plug forming a cylindrical sealing cavity, in which a cable connecting line hole is installed on the upper rigid sealing plug, while an injection hole for injecting liquid into the cylindrical sealing cavity, on which a sealing plug is provided, is installed on the lower rigid sealing plug; and a measuring device for measuring the flow velocity vector and energy and a device for measuring the mass are installed in the cylindrical sealing cavity. The gauge has the advantages of a simple structure, convenient manufacturing and comprehensive detection.

A test device has been invented for determining three-dimensional consolidation properties of soils, using a flexible ring permitting displacements and dissipation of the excess pore pressures in both horizontal and vertical directions, and affording determination of coefficients of consolidation in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the modulus of elasticity. The flexible ring consists of a filter fabric around the soil specimen, a rubber membrane around the filter, circular shaped segmented stainless steel plates around the membrane and rubber bands around the plates. Both the incremental loading or triaxial type loading systems can be used with this device. A calibration device for calibration of the flexible ring is used to determine the modulus of elasticity of elastic elements, required for calculating lateral resistance provided by the flexible ring during the test.

A test device has been invented for determining three-dimensional consolidation properties of soils, using a flexible ring permitting displacements and dissipation of the excess pore pressures in both horizontal and vertical directions, and affording determination of coefficients of consolidation in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the modulus of elasticity. The flexible ring consists of a filter fabric around the soil specimen, a rubber membrane around the filter, circular shaped segmented metal plates around the membrane and rubber bands or rings around the plates. Both the incremental loading or triaxial type loading systems can be used with this device. A calibration device for calibration of the flexible ring is used to determine the modulus of elasticity of elastic elements, required for calculating lateral resistance provided by the flexible ring during the test.

The present disclosure provides a method for measuring flow velocity distribution of groundwater using distributed optical fiber with active heating, comprising: setting and optimizing field test parameters; conducting a background temperature monitoring test; performing a line-source active heating distributed temperature measurement test, including conducting multiple rounds of heating tests; denoising the obtained thermal plume attenuation signal data of the groundwater; and fitting the groundwater velocity-depth curve in the borehole by monitoring and analyzing the temperature difference signal between the internal temperature and the external temperature of the composite heating optical cable in a single depth section of the borehole, thereby obtaining a distributed groundwater velocity data set. The method of the present disclosure solves the problem that the existing groundwater flow velocity measurement technology cannot simultaneously conduct continuous and distributed measurements, improves the efficiency of groundwater velocity measurement, and it can avoid groundwater contamination during the measurement process.

The present disclosure provides a method for measuring flow velocity distribution of groundwater using distributed optical fiber with active heating, comprising: setting and optimizing field test parameters; conducting a background temperature monitoring test; performing a line-source active heating distributed temperature measurement test, including conducting multiple rounds of heating tests; denoising the obtained thermal plume attenuation signal data of the groundwater; and fitting the groundwater velocity-depth curve in the borehole by monitoring and analyzing the temperature difference signal between the internal temperature and the external temperature of the composite heating optical cable in a single depth section of the borehole, thereby obtaining a distributed groundwater velocity data set. The method of the present disclosure solves the problem that the existing groundwater flow velocity measurement technology cannot simultaneously conduct continuous and distributed measurements, improves the efficiency of groundwater velocity measurement, and it can avoid groundwater contamination during the measurement process.

A method of detecting one or more potential infiltration points in ground based on cone penetration testing, CPT, data, obtained from CPT measurements throughout a depth interval, and hydraulic profiling tool, HPT, data, obtained from HPT measurements throughout the depth interval, and determining a vertical profile indicating the potential infiltration points and potential matrix failure processes. Unlocking insights from Geo-Data, the present invention further relates to improvements in sustainability and environmental developments: together we create a safe and liveable world.