A foundation treatment method for piling a foundation structure by penetrating a hardpan layer, i.e., a Deep Slurry Mixing method, comprising following steps: disturbing, by a mechanical device, a location where the foundation structure is to be piled, so that the mechanical device penetrates the hardpan layer of a natural foundation; then injecting clay slurry into the hardpan layer of the natural foundation by a pumping device, an improved foundation is formed after mixing; and piling the foundation structure. The method can change soil property of the original natural foundation, break the hardpan layer, reduce piling resistance of the steel plate cylinder or similar foundation structure, reduce uneven force during the piling process and improve driveability.

Apparatuses for constructing displacement aggregate piers are disclosed. In one example, a mandrel is provided comprising a tamper head that has cutting teeth on the leading edge thereof. In another example, hydrojet nozzles are provided within one or more of the cutting teeth of the tamper head. In yet another example, the mandrel comprises grout tubes (or grout injection lines) and/or grout inspection lines. In yet another example, the mandrel and/or tamper head can comprise cutting teeth, hydrojet nozzles, grout tubes (or gout injection lines), grout inspection lines, and any combinations thereof.

Apparatuses for constructing displacement aggregate piers are disclosed. In one example, a mandrel is provided comprising a tamper head that has cutting teeth on the leading edge thereof. In another example, hydrojet nozzles are provided within one or more of the cutting teeth of the tamper head. In yet another example, the mandrel comprises grout tubes (or grout injection lines) and/or grout inspection lines. In yet another example, the mandrel and/or tamper head can comprise cutting teeth, hydrojet nozzles, grout tubes (or gout injection lines), grout inspection lines, and any combinations thereof.

A mallet is described that has at least one cleft, in such a structure that the stress wave created during impact has longer travel way than the length of the mallet as measured along the impact line. This mallet induces longer-lasting and weaker stress wave(s) in the anvil as compared to a solid mallet having the same outer dimensions and more or less the same weight. The Cleft-Mallet increases the effectiveness of the strike, while decreasing the stresses in the anvil.

A mallet is described that has at least one cleft, in such a structure that the stress wave created during impact has longer travel way than the length of the mallet as measured along the impact line. This mallet induces longer-lasting and weaker stress wave(s) in the anvil as compared to a solid mallet having the same outer dimensions and more or less the same weight. The Cleft-Mallet increases the effectiveness of the strike, while decreasing the stresses in the anvil.

One aspect of the invention provides a structure including one or more strut tubes adapted and configured to receive and hold a granular material. The one or more strut tubes further include compression means for applying at least compression to the granular material after loading. Another aspect of the invention provides a method of erecting a structure. The method includes: inflating one or more strut tubes with a fluid; displacing the fluid with granular material; and compressing the granular material.

Apparatuses for constructing displacement aggregate piers are disclosed. In one example, a mandrel is provided comprising a tamper head that has cutting teeth on the leading edge thereof. In another example, hydrojet nozzles are provided within one or more of the cutting teeth of the tamper head. In yet another example, the mandrel comprises grout tubes (or grout injection lines) and/or grout inspection lines. In yet another example, the mandrel and/or tamper head can comprise cutting teeth, hydrojet nozzles, grout tubes (or grout injection lines), grout inspection lines, and any combinations thereof.

Apparatuses for constructing displacement aggregate piers are disclosed. In one example, a mandrel is provided comprising a tamper head that has cutting teeth on the leading edge thereof. In another example, hydrojet nozzles are provided within one or more of the cutting teeth of the tamper head. In yet another example, the mandrel comprises grout tubes (or grout injection lines) and/or grout inspection lines. In yet another example, the mandrel and/or tamper head can comprise cutting teeth, hydrojet nozzles, grout tubes (or grout injection lines), grout inspection lines, and any combinations thereof.

A vibro replacement probe includes a ramming tube that is connected with a filling piece that includes a feed tube as well as a filling funnel and/or a hose connection flange. The feed tube is firmly connected with a vibrator that has a mechanism for pivoting attachment to the leader of a construction machine, wherein the mechanism includes a connection part that is connected with the vibrator so as to pivot and that can be attached to a carriage that is displaceably guided on the leader. Furthermore, a construction machine has such a vibro replacement probe and a method equips a leader of a construction machine with such a vibro replacement probe.

A vibro replacement probe includes a ramming tube that is connected with a filling piece that includes a feed tube as well as a filling funnel and/or a hose connection flange. The feed tube is firmly connected with a vibrator that has a mechanism for pivoting attachment to the leader of a construction machine, wherein the mechanism includes a connection part that is connected with the vibrator so as to pivot and that can be attached to a carriage that is displaceably guided on the leader. Furthermore, a construction machine has such a vibro replacement probe and a method equips a leader of a construction machine with such a vibro replacement probe.