A method for transforming existing ground of a given site into a more stable foundation ground is provided. The method includes the steps of defining an outlined area about a surface of the existing ground, excavating soil throughout the outlined area to a depth extending through layers of different soil types; conditioning the excavated soil by mixing together layers of different soil types homogeneously, including in some cases soil imported from an external source; returning the conditioned soil to the outlined area to fill the excavated depth, and compacting the conditioned soil returned to the outlined area, thereby forming the stable foundation ground of high structural capacity and low compressibility.

Embodiments of a dry mix for producing a concrete composition are provided. The dry mix includes aggregate, cement, and bed ash. The bed ash contains the combustion product of a fluidized bed coal combustion reaction. Additionally, embodiments of a method of preparing the dry mix and embodiments of a method of preparing a concrete composition are provided. The dry mix is also suitable for repairing soil slips, and embodiments of a method of repairing a soil slip are also provided.

Systems and methods to provide pressed aggregate-filled cavities for improving ground stiffness and uniformity are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes using a mechanism to press into a ground surface in a substantially downward direction to create a concavity. The method also includes substantially or completely filling the concavity with unstabilized or chemically stabilized aggregate, soil, or sand. Further, the method includes using the mechanism to press the aggregate within the concavity to achieve a desired ground stiffness.

Systems and methods to provide pressed aggregate-filled cavities for improving ground stiffness and uniformity are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes using a mechanism to press into a ground surface in a substantially downward direction to create a concavity. The method also includes substantially or completely filling the concavity with unstabilized or chemically stabilized aggregate, soil, or sand. Further, the method includes using the mechanism to press the aggregate within the concavity to achieve a desired ground stiffness.

A method for transforming existing ground of a given site into a more stable foundation ground is provided. The method includes the steps of defining an outlined area about a surface of the existing ground, excavating soil throughout the outlined area to a depth extending through layers of different soil types; conditioning the excavated soil by mixing together layers of different soil types homogeneously, including in some cases soil imported from an external source; returning the conditioned soil to the outlined area to fill the excavated depth, and compacting the conditioned soil returned to the outlined area, thereby forming the stable foundation ground of high structural capacity and low compressibility.

A method for improving the mechanical and hydraulic characteristics of foundation grounds of existing built structures, includes the following steps: a first step of two-dimensional or three-dimensional sensing of at least one portion of the built structure; a step of identifying at least one region of intervention in the foundation ground beneath the at least one portion sensed in the first sensing step; and a step of injecting, through holes provided at least at a part of the intervention region, a cement or synthetic mix. The method further includes second steps of two-dimensional or three-dimensional sensing, mutually spaced in time, of the at least one portion during the injection step; and a step of interrupting the injection step on the basis of the information gathered during second steps of two-dimensional or three-dimensional sensing of the at least one portion.

Provided herein are roadways containing polyurethane materials. A roadway includes a base layer of a compacted in situ material and/or a wear layer disposed on the base layer. One or both of these layers may include the polyurethane material to bind other components in the layers and to form more robust and durable roadway structures capable of withstanding operating loads of the roadway. In some embodiments, the polyurethane material is added to the wear layer by mixing in situ soil and/or foreign aggregate with polyurethane material or by dispensing the polyurethane material over the existing partially formed wear layer. The base layer may or may not include a polyurethane material. The type, concentration, distribution, and processing of the polyurethane material in the wear layer may be the same or different than that in the base layer.

An apparatus and method for ground improvement includes a device having a plurality of tines extending downwardly from a top plate in a manner to achieve displacement of ground material downward and radially outward. The tines may include ridges spaced vertically along an outer surface of the tines. The tines may also be in the form of opposing plates. The device is mechanically driven into the ground to achieve predetermined depths of penetration by the tines/plates. The device is retracted and driven repeatedly to achieve densification. Optionally, voids made by the device can be filled with a flowable media.

Systems and methods to provide pressed aggregate-filled cavities for improving ground stiffness and uniformity are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes using a mechanism to press into a ground surface in a substantially downward direction to create a concavity. The method also includes substantially or completely filling the concavity with unstabilized or chemically stabilized aggregate, soil, or sand. Further, the method includes using the mechanism to press the aggregate within the concavity to achieve a desired ground stiffness.

Embodiments of a dry mix for producing a concrete composition are provided. The dry mix includes aggregate, cement, and bed ash. The bed ash contains the combustion product of a fluidized bed coal combustion reaction. Additionally, embodiments of a method of preparing the dry mix and embodiments of a method of preparing a concrete composition are provided. The dry mix is also suitable for repairing soil slips, and embodiments of a method of repairing a soil slip are also provided.