Trypan Blue ophthalmic solutions are used to create and identify a landmark on the anterior capsule of an eye and thus identify a preferred location for an anterior capsulotomy during cataract surgery.

A composition for imaging a biological tissue or fluid comprising a compound of formula (A) and a biologically acceptable diluent or carrier, (A) wherein X represents one of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulphur atom, a phosphorus atom, or a selenium atom; R represents an aromatic group and/or an aliphatic group; p is an integer of 1 to 2; q and s are independently integers of 1, 2, 3, or 4; Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, and Y.sup.3 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a polyglycol group, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group; and/or wherein two or more of Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, and Y.sup.3 may combine together to form a condensed ring.

##STR00001##

This invention provides novel oxazine-based, water soluble fluorophore compounds useful in in vivo nerve imaging, as well as compositions comprising them and methods for their use.

Nerve-specific fluorophore formulations of Formula (I) for direct or systemic administration are described. The formulations can be used in fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) to aid in nerve preservation during surgical interventions.

##STR00001##

Provided is a novel fluorescent probe which can be used in a spray manner, has an outstandingly high sensitivity-specificity with instantaneousness, and enables detection of a brain tumor.

A fluorescent probe for detecting a brain tumor, including a compound of the following formula (I) or a salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein P1 represents an arginine residue, a histidine residue or a tyrosine residue, P2 represents a proline residue or a glycine residue, where P1 is linked to an adjacent N atom by forming an amide bond, and P2 is linked to P1 by forming an amide bond; R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, or 1 to 4 identical or different substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted alkyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, an alkoxy group, an amide group and an azide group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an optionally substituted alkyl group or a halogen atom; R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group;

X represents O, Si(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b), Ge(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b), Sn(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b), C(R.sup.a) (R.sup.b) or P(═O)(R.sup.a); R.sup.a and R.sup.b each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group; and Y represents a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene group.

Herein described are solid oral compositions of dyes for use in diagnostic endoscopy, preferably colon endoscopy.

A method is provided to limit inter-cellular leakage between cells in retinal or choroidal vasculature. As a result, an ocular disorder in which ocular or choroidal edema occurs based on leakage of the Adherens Junctions or Tight Junctions is readily treated. The method is particularly well-suited for usage in response to the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) compromise. A method is also provided for the reduction of plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP), which causes transcytosis and pinicytotic leakage. In a particular application, fluid collection under retinal pigment epithelial cells in wet macular degeneration is reduced; a condition currently without effective clinical treatments.

A solvatochromic indicator for detecting the presence of a bacterial infection is disclosed. An indicator consisting of Beta vulgaris and further optionally comprising Curcuma longa, isopropyl alcohol, and any combination thereof, undergoes a detectable color change in the presence of an infection. Further provided are filaments treated with the solvatochromic indicator wherein the detectable color change of the indicator is based on the pH of the tissues with a bacterial infection.

Disclosed are novel detectable imaging agents that can bind to a novel biomarker for cancer and methods of their use in the resection of a tumor.

Blockchain environments may mix-and-match different encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes when mining blockchain transactions. Each encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work scheme may be separate, stand-alone programs, files, or third-party services. Blockchain miners may be agnostic to a particular coin's or network's encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes, thus allowing any blockchain miner to process or mine data in multiple blockchains. GPUs, ASICs, and other specialized processing hardware components may be deterred by forcing cache misses, cache latencies, and processor stalls. Hashing, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes require less programming code, consume less storage space/usage in bytes, and execute faster. Blockchain mining schemes may further randomize byte or memory block access, further improve cryptographic security.