There is provided a process and system for treating produced water. The process combines a vacuum tank process, an adsorption-desorption process, a heat-exchanger process, a membrane distillation-crystallization process. Also, the process may involve membrane separation and column distillation processes. The process allows for some level of efficiency with regard to energy consumption and operational and maintenance costs.

Methods and systems are used to estimate specific capacity of a first well where the steps are performed in order. At least two depth to water measurements are made along with a corresponding time of occurrence for each of the at least two depth to water measurements. The measurements occur during a start-up transient of the first well after the first well has been maintained in a quiescent state for a first period of time. An extrapolated depth to water is estimated at an extrapolated pumping time using a mathematical model. Inputs to the mathematical model are derived from the at least two depth to water measurements. A first specific capacity estimate is created for the first well using the extrapolated depth to water estimate and a fixed pumping rate.

Methods and systems are used to estimate specific capacity of a first well where the steps are performed in order. At least two depth to water measurements are made along with a corresponding time of occurrence for each of the at least two depth to water measurements. The measurements occur during a start-up transient of the first well after the first well has been maintained in a quiescent state for a first period of time. An extrapolated depth to water is estimated at an extrapolated pumping time using a mathematical model. Inputs to the mathematical model are derived from the at least two depth to water measurements. A first specific capacity estimate is created for the first well using the extrapolated depth to water estimate and a fixed pumping rate.

A method and a system for sequestering carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) while producing freshwater are provided. An exemplary method includes producing saline water from a saline aquifer, desalinating at least a portion of the saline water, producing freshwater and waste brine, mixing waste CO.sub.2 with the waste brine forming a brine/CO.sub.2 mixture, and injecting the brine/CO.sub.2 mixture into the saline aquifer.

A method and a system for sequestering carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) while producing freshwater are provided. An exemplary method includes producing saline water from a saline aquifer, desalinating at least a portion of the saline water, producing freshwater and waste brine, mixing waste CO.sub.2 with the waste brine forming a brine/CO.sub.2 mixture, and injecting the brine/CO.sub.2 mixture into the saline aquifer.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods are disclosed for changing a primary extraction location from an aquifer. An elongate tube-like structure has an upper end and a lower end. The upper end is adapted to attach to a well pump above an intake of the well pump. The lower end is adapted to receive water from the aquifer for the well pump. A length of the elongate tube-like structure is longer than the well pump and extends to a depth below a motor configured with the well pump.