A wall element comprises an inner surface, an outer surface, studs and at least one partial cavity and/or cavity. The studs are located between the inner surface and outer surface. The at least one partial cavity and/or cavity are also located between the inner surface and outer surface. The at least one partial cavity and/or cavity are designed to be filled with reinforced concrete The cavity and/or the partial cavity span from the top to the bottom and/or from side to side of the wall element.

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for additive manufacturing of objects by molding or casting materials using a dynamically configurable form. A head for dispensing material includes an adjustable form configurable to define a forming chamber into which the material is dispensed. A method for additive manufacturing includes moving the head to a plurality of positions corresponding to a plurality of dispense locations in a build volume, configuring the adjustable form to shape the forming chamber for each of the plurality of dispense locations; and casting a three-dimensional object. Casting the three-dimensional object comprises dispensing a portion of the material into the forming chamber at each of the plurality of dispense locations.

Various cement-containing compositions are disclosed, including insulating cement, forms, and prefabricated building materials produced from cement-containing compositions with insulating properties. Some of the preferred embodiments include expanded polystyrene and an acrylic component to provide enhanced insulating properties, or have a lower density, lighter weight, and increased insulating R-value in comparison with other cement-containing compositions.

The disclosure is directed to thermal and moisture insulated interlocking brick comprising natural, in-situ carved stone faade coupled to a backing layer comprised of a massive and lightweight portions, as well as methods of forming the brick and methods for cladding and using the bricks in load bearing walls and in non-load-bearing walls (light construction).