A structural panel system formed from a substrate (such as cement board or paper) and structural metal studs (such as lightweight galvanized steel members), where the metal studs are embedded within an insulating core that is formed onto the substrate, where the metal studs are gapped from the inner surface of the substrate to prevent thermal energy from transferring from the substrate to the metal stud or vice versa. In addition, parallel assembly slots may be formed in the gap at the top and bottom ends of each panel assembly to provide connective access to the top and bottom ends of the metal studs for structural connection to the foundation at the bottom or other overhead structure at the top via connective components. The connective components include a bottom U-channel member and a top U-channel member that are configured to fit into the parallel assembly slots.

Precast wall systems and methods for constructing a high-rise building using the precast wall system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes a plurality of interconnected precast panels, each having a top end plate, a bottom end plate, a plurality of vertical bars disposed between the end plates and a cementitious material encasing the vertical bars and defining a plurality of sides of the respective panel. A first of the precast panels has a first column member half defining a right side of the first panel, a second of the precast panels has a second column member half defining a left side of the second panel such that, when the right side of the first precast panel and the left side of the second precast panel are disposed horizontally adjacent to each other, the first column member half and the second column member half collectively form a column member.

Precast wall systems and methods for constructing a high-rise building using the precast wall system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes a plurality of interconnected precast panels, each having a top end plate, a bottom end plate, a plurality of vertical bars disposed between the end plates and a cementitious material encasing the vertical bars and defining a plurality of sides of the respective panel. A first of the precast panels has a first column member half defining a right side of the first panel, a second of the precast panels has a second column member half defining a left side of the second panel such that, when the right side of the first precast panel and the left side of the second precast panel are disposed horizontally adjacent to each other, the first column member half and the second column member half collectively form a column member.

A method to make an ultra-stable structural laminate of a cementitious material with a nano-molecular veneer and a foam component catalytically reacted into an expanded closed cell foam having a thickness from .sup.th inch to 8 inches, a density from 1.5 pounds/cubic foot to 3 pounds/cubic foot that inter-engages the cementitious material forming a matrix creating the ultra-stable structural laminate with fire resistance; a lateral nail pull strength from 44 pounds to 300 pounds of force; an insulation R value from 1 to 40; a resistance to seismic impact for earthquakes over 3.1 on the Richter Scale; a break point from 7 lbs/inch to 100 lbs/inch; and a resistance to wind shear equivalent to a 15 mph downburst.

A wall structure comprising horizontal concrete base and top beams; two or more concrete vertical support members integrally joined to the base and top beams and meeting at an essentially right angle; wherein the two or more vertical support members define left and right wall boundaries, and wherein the top and base beams define top and a bottom wall boundaries, respectively; an exterior wall shell extending from the left to the right wall boundaries, and extending from the top to the bottom wall boundaries, and continuous with the base and top beams, and the support members; H-shaped insulation encompassing the vertical support members, attachment strips attached to the insulation along its length with fasteners joining the attachment strip to the vertical support member, wherein the fasteners pass though the insulation; and insulation attached to the exterior wall shell between the vertical support members.

A wall structure comprising horizontal concrete base and top beams; two or more concrete vertical support members integrally joined to the base and top beams and meeting at an essentially right angle; wherein the two or more vertical support members define left and right wall boundaries, and wherein the top and base beams define top and a bottom wall boundaries, respectively; an exterior wall shell extending from the left to the right wall boundaries, and extending from the top to the bottom wall boundaries, and continuous with the base and top beams, and the support members; H-shaped insulation encompassing the vertical support members, attachment strips attached to the insulation along its length with fasteners joining the attachment strip to the vertical support member, wherein the fasteners pass though the insulation; and insulation attached to the exterior wall shell between the vertical support members.

A metal restraint strap for suppressing a displacement between two parallel disposed structural bodies away from each other includes an elongated metal base member; metal bolt members extending outward in a longitudinal direction of the base member from opposite longitudinal ends of the base member, and each having an external thread at least on an outer periphery of an distal end portion of the bolt member; and fasteners adapted to be screwed onto the external threads of the bolt members.

A structural panel system formed from a substrate (such as cement board or paper) and structural metal studs (such as lightweight galvanized steel members), where the metal studs are embedded within an insulating core that is formed onto the substrate, where the metal studs are gapped from the inner surface of the substrate to prevent thermal energy from transferring from the substrate to the metal stud or vice versa. In addition, parallel assembly slots may be formed in the gap at the top and bottom ends of each panel assembly to provide connective access to the top and bottom ends of the metal studs for structural connection to the foundation at the bottom or other overhead structure at the top via connective components. The connective components include a bottom U-channel member and a top U-channel member that are configured to fit into the parallel assembly slots.

A structural panel system formed from a substrate (such as cement board or paper) and structural metal studs (such as lightweight galvanized steel members), where the metal studs are embedded within an insulating core that is formed onto the substrate, where the metal studs are gapped from the inner surface of the substrate to prevent thermal energy from transferring from the substrate to the metal stud or vice versa. In addition, parallel assembly slots may be formed in the gap at the top and bottom ends of each panel assembly to provide connective access to the top and bottom ends of the metal studs for structural connection to the foundation at the bottom or other overhead structure at the top via connective components. The connective components include a bottom U-channel member and a top U-channel member that are configured to fit into the parallel assembly slots.

A building with ultra-stable cementitious material with nano-molecular veneer has 29 wt % to 40 wt % of a magnesium oxide dry powder containing 80 wt % to 98 wt % of magnesium oxide based on a final total weight of the cementitious material, 14 wt % to 18 wt % of a magnesium chloride dissolved in water and reacting to form a liquid suspension, a phosphorus-containing material, and wherein the mixture forms a liquid suspension that reacts into an amorphous phase cementitious material, wherein a portion of the amorphous phase cementitious material grows a plurality of crystals. The plurality of crystals are encapsulated by the amorphous phase cementitious material forming a nano-molecular veneer and a wall material that is affixed to a frame of a building.