A hold down system for a building wall comprises a first rigid member and a second rigid member, the second rigid member being vertically spaced apart from the first rigid member, the first rigid member is supported on a horizontal member of a stud wall, the first and second rigid members including first and second openings, respectively; a tie-rod with a lower end portion for being anchored to an anchorage, the tie-rod extending transversely through the first and second openings, the tie-rod dividing the first and second rigid members into a first lateral section on one side of the tie-rod and a second lateral section on a diametrically opposite side of the tie-rod; first support and second support disposed between the first and second rigid members, the first support being disposed in the first lateral section, the second support being disposed in the second lateral section, the tie-rod extending through the first and second rigid members outside of the first support or the second support; and a nut threaded to the tie-rod, the nut exerting pressure on the second rigid member to place the tie rod under tension loading, the tension loading is transferred by the second rigid member to the first and second supports to subject the first and second supports to compression loading, thereby causing the first rigid member to press on the horizontal member of the stud wall via the first and second lateral sections of the first rigid member, thus distributing the compression loading.

A hold down system for a building wall comprises a first rigid member and a second rigid member, the second rigid member being vertically spaced apart from the first rigid member, the first rigid member is supported on a horizontal member of a stud wall, the first and second rigid members including first and second openings, respectively; a tie-rod with a lower end portion for being anchored to an anchorage, the tie-rod extending transversely through the first and second openings, the tie-rod dividing the first and second rigid members into a first lateral section on one side of the tie-rod and a second lateral section on a diametrically opposite side of the tie-rod; first support and second support disposed between the first and second rigid members, the first support being disposed in the first lateral section, the second support being disposed in the second lateral section, the tie-rod extending through the first and second rigid members outside of the first support or the second support; and a nut threaded to the tie-rod, the nut exerting pressure on the second rigid member to place the tie rod under tension loading, the tension loading is transferred by the second rigid member to the first and second supports to subject the first and second supports to compression loading, thereby causing the first rigid member to press on the horizontal member of the stud wall via the first and second lateral sections of the first rigid member, thus distributing the compression loading.

Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric structural building panels and methods; sized, configured for fabrication of non-portable wall structures permanently fixed to natural base. The panel main body, and studs, can be fabricated separately, then assembled to each other to complete panel fabrication. Methods for making the main body are hand lay-up, or pultrusion. Studs are typically pultruded, and subsequently prepared having consistent thickness, flat surface, across the width of the stud end wall which is to be mounted to the main body. Foam blocks are between inner and outer layers of the panel. Foam blocks can be prepared in block clusters before assembly to the main body. In the main body, a fibrous layer is between each pair of next adjacent foam blocks. Intercostals extend “y” and “z” dimensions transverse to the length of the main body. Studs can be mounted to the main body using adhesive, mechanical fasteners, or both.

Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric structural building panels and methods; sized, configured for fabrication of non-portable wall structures permanently fixed to natural base. The panel main body, and studs, can be fabricated separately, then assembled to each other to complete panel fabrication. Methods for making the main body are hand lay-up, or pultrusion. Studs are typically pultruded, and subsequently prepared having consistent thickness, flat surface, across the width of the stud end wall which is to be mounted to the main body. Foam blocks are between inner and outer layers of the panel. Foam blocks can be prepared in block clusters before assembly to the main body. In the main body, a fibrous layer is between each pair of next adjacent foam blocks. Intercostals extend “y” and “z” dimensions transverse to the length of the main body. Studs can be mounted to the main body using adhesive, mechanical fasteners, or both.

Building stud (10) for forming a framework for mounting wall panels, comprising a first (12) and a second (14) flange portion and a web portion (16) interconnecting the flange portions. The flange portions comprise a planar, elongated wood fibre member (18, 20), and the web portion comprises a sheet metal member (22) including a first (24) and a second (26) rectilinear line of weakness, which lines of weakness are parallel and along which the sheet metal member is foldable to enable folding the building stud from a retracted storage position to an expanded mounting position.

Building stud (10) for forming a framework for mounting wall panels, comprising a first (12) and a second (14) flange portion and a web portion (16) interconnecting the flange portions. The flange portions comprise a planar, elongated wood fibre member (18, 20), and the web portion comprises a sheet metal member (22) including a first (24) and a second (26) rectilinear line of weakness, which lines of weakness are parallel and along which the sheet metal member is foldable to enable folding the building stud from a retracted storage position to an expanded mounting position.

Methods and apparatuses for shipping of fabricated rectangular wooden modules used for construction of a wood frame structure and for shipping of other bulky items are described. In particular, the disclosure features a modified shipping container for shipping the fabricated rectangular wooden modules and methods of loading, transporting, and unloading the fabricated rectangular wooden modules. The modified shipping container features a removable header system and a removable cover. The fabricated rectangular wooden modules include a module length axis, a module width axis, a bounded wood perimeter, and joists or rafters oriented perpendicularly to the module length axis, and are stacked as cargo in the interior of the container such that joists or rafters of the fabricated rectangular wooden modules are substantially vertical and the length axes of the modules are substantially parallel to a length axis of the container.

A beam and bolting construction method and an example dwelling (10) according to the method are provided. The method involves preliminary steps of selecting a site and determining a bolt array (19) and selection of dimensions and materials. Actual construction steps include forming a foundation slab (14) having vertical bolts (18) embedded therein in accordance with the bolt array (19). Alternating layers of beams (B), having aligned bolt bores (52) for receiving the bolts, are successively laid down over the bolts (18), with sides meeting at corners (29) with alternating sides encompassing the corner bolt. Once a desired height is achieved, washers (72) and nuts (78) are placed on the bolts and are tightened to desired pressure levels. The dwelling (10) is formed with beams (42) compressed together by threaded bolts (18) in a bolt array (19).

Insulated wallboards are exposed interior insulation panels, for walls and ceilings, in occupiable spaces, that can be taped, finished, textured, and painted, which eliminates the need for gypsum board, and reduces or eliminates the need for other insulation, such as wall cavity insulation and exterior insulation. Insulated wallboard panels are formed by applying various combinations of thermal reflection layers such as aluminum foil; moisture resistance layer; or reinforcement layers over an insulating core. An enhanced surface or enhanced surface layer is provided on the interior-facing surface of the panel, to accept joint compound, paint, plaster, texture, or other interior finish. The core may be phenolic or other material with appropriate insulating and fire-retardant properties. The insulated wallboards may be applied directly to wood or metal framing, masonry, CMU, tilt-up concrete walls; or over existing gypsum board or other interior surfaces to retrofit additional insulation without disrupting exterior walls or roof.

A lumber use designation system includes a building construction plan that shows the layout, wall thickness, wall height, ceiling angles, etc., of a structure, which are color coded from a series of color codes each corresponding to a preselected, standard board size and length of lumber that should be selected for constructing a particular portion of the structure. The system includes a supply of lumber boards marked with a color code correlating to the color code found on the construction plans. The lumber boards may be imprinted by an ink spray head. A method of installing lumber during the construction of a structure is disclosed.