Described is a method and apparatus for constructing light-weight, modular structures using special openC beams as a top and a bottom frame. Each openC beam comprises a vertical web member, a horizontal top flange extending perpendicularly in a first direction from the vertical web member, a horizontal bottom flange extending perpendicularly in the first direction and substantially parallel with the horizontal top flange and a upper vertical tab extending substantially perpendicularly from a distal edge of the horizontal top flange away from the horizontal bottom flange. Vertical posts are installed in one or more cutouts in the horizontal top flange of each openC beam and a planar surface of each of the vertical posts rests against the horizontal top flange for added support.

A deck framing system includes a perimeter support member that has a joist support wall and a web wall extending perpendicularly from the joist support wall and an overhang wall extending perpendicularly from the web wall. First and second joist support brackets include a joist support portion and a pair of attachment wings, where each one of the pair of attachment wings contacting the web wall of the perimeter support member. First and second joists each include a deck support wall and a lower wall. The deck support walls of the first and second joists are disposed between the overhang wall and the joist support portions, and the lower walls are disposed between the joist support portions and the joist support wall.

A deck framing system includes a perimeter support member that has a joist support wall and a web wall extending perpendicularly from the joist support wall and an overhang wall extending perpendicularly from the web wall. First and second joist support brackets include a joist support portion and a pair of attachment wings, where each one of the pair of attachment wings contacting the web wall of the perimeter support member. First and second joists each include a deck support wall and a lower wall. The deck support walls of the first and second joists are disposed between the overhang wall and the joist support portions, and the lower walls are disposed between the joist support portions and the joist support wall.

The present anti-ballistic shelter is a reinforced unit configured to comply with both ISO standards for size and weight, and with the U.S. Department of State Certification Standard for Forced Entry and Ballistic Resistance of Structural Systems. Each end and side wall of the unit is reinforced with wall studs that penetrate the unit's structural framework. Even though these wail studs are welded into place, penetration of the wall studs into the framework ensures acceptable blast, ballistic, and forced entry resistance even if the welds are flawed.

The present anti-ballistic shelter is a reinforced unit configured to comply with both ISO standards for size and weight, and with the U.S. Department of State Certification Standard for Forced Entry and Ballistic Resistance of Structural Systems. Each end and side wall of the unit is reinforced with wall studs that penetrate the unit's structural framework. Even though these wail studs are welded into place, penetration of the wall studs into the framework ensures acceptable blast, ballistic, and forced entry resistance even if the welds are flawed.

A connection is provided where angled fasteners connect a beam and a wooden panel to make a composite panel.

A connection is provided where angled fasteners connect a beam and a wooden panel to make a composite panel.

A volumetric modular unit constructed at a modular unit factory and shipped assembled to a modular building project site is disclosed. A modular building constructed from shipped volumetric modular units is also disclosed. Features of a volumetric modular unit and modular building are designed to account for and leverage traditional building practices. Shipping constraints often dictate volumetric modular unit design constraints. The volumetric modular unit and modular constructed building addresses both design needs and shipping constraints to leverage more economical resources available at a volumetric modular unit manufacturing plant.

Modular building cleanrooms having integrated mechanical rooms with removable, walkable floor panels above their ceilings are disclosed. The attic area above the sealed cleanroom ceiling and below joists of the modular building's frame provides an interstitial volume through which ducts, piping, electrical conduit, etc. run from the mechanical room to dampers, valves, and junctions boxes. The walkable floor panels can be bar grating through which maintenance people can see components below. The floor panels can have individual sections that may be removed for access to the components. Along with walkable floor panels, the modular building roofs can have foldable electrical panelboards that are pre-wired at the factory and then rotated upright once delivered to their destination.

Modular building cleanrooms having integrated mechanical rooms with removable, walkable floor panels above their ceilings are disclosed. The attic area above the sealed cleanroom ceiling and below joists of the modular building's frame provides an interstitial volume through which ducts, piping, electrical conduit, etc. run from the mechanical room to dampers, valves, and junctions boxes. The walkable floor panels can be bar grating through which maintenance people can see components below. The floor panels can have individual sections that may be removed for access to the components. Along with walkable floor panels, the modular building roofs can have foldable electrical panelboards that are pre-wired at the factory and then rotated upright once delivered to their destination.