Foam wall structures and methods for making them are described. The wall structures include a frame, a foam panel overlying a front surface of the frame, and a polyurethane foam layer disposed in a cavity of the wall structure. The polyurethane foam layer has a density, as determined by ASTM D1622-14, of at least 44 kg/m.sup.3 and exhibits ASTM E84-16 Class A flame spread and smoke development characteristics. The polyurethane foam layer is the cured reaction product of a polyurethane foam-forming composition that includes a polyisocyanate, an aromatic polyester polyol having a functionality of greater than 2.5 and an OH number of at least 300 mg KOH/g, which is present in an amount of at least 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyurethane foam-forming composition less the weight of the polyisocyanate, a catalyst, and a blowing agent composition. The blowing agent composition includes water and a hydrofluoroolefin.

Example embodiments of the described technology provide a prefabricated building panel. The prefabricated panel may comprise a rigid insulative core having first and second opposing surfaces. A first cementitious material may at least partially cover the first surface of the insulative core. A second cementitious material may at least partially cover the second surface of the insulative core. At least one embedded element may extend along a peripheral edge of the insulative core.

A hybrid shear wall system for construction of massive timber buildings of more than two stories in seismic zones, is provided, which presents a ductile behavior and reduced overturning effect against a lateral load caused by destructive natural events, such as earthquakes or strong winds; the shear wall system comprises an interior frame with articulated nodes of union between columns and sills, to which exterior massive timber panels are joined on both opposite faces, by means of individual energy dissipating connectors; where the frame comprises post-tensioned self-centering means, which together with the articulated nodes, the exterior massive timber panels and the connectors, act together as a unit and allow the shear wall to behave in a ductile manner and with reduced overturning effect under high lateral load.

A method of producing a board for production of panels is provided comprising: providing particulate material comprising or consisting of particulate wooden material, producing glued particulate material by applying an adhesive to the particulate material, forming a spreading material mat by homogeneously spreading the glued particulate material onto a conveyor on which the spread glued particulate material is conveyed in a conveying direction, and producing a board by pressing the spreading material mat. A reinforcement material is applied to the spread glued particulate material parallel to the conveying direction during forming the spreading material mat and/or after forming the spreading material mat before any pressing of the spreading material mat such that the spreading material mat has at least one longitudinal reinforcement zone containing the reinforcement material. Boards can be obtained from which panels can be produced which have reinforced longitudinal and/or transversal edges.

Building or structural panels may be joined, such as to form walls or floors. The panels may be connected in various orientations via one or more connectors. The connectors may mount to anchors associated with the panels. The panels may have outer skins located over an expanded core comprising a matrix of supporting elongate members and voids or openings, with the anchors located at edges of the panels.

Building or structural panels may be joined, such as to form walls or floors. The panels may be connected in various orientations via one or more connectors. The connectors may mount to anchors associated with the panels. The panels may have outer skins located over an expanded core comprising a matrix of supporting elongate members and voids or openings, with the anchors located at edges of the panels.

Improvements in pre-fabricated modular wall sections to construct a building or house is disclosed. Adjacent side of the wall sections are tapered and dovetailed that lock-in-place. The dovetails are spaced to reduce the height that one section must be lifted to engage in an adjoining wall section. The footers/base plate will also have integrated earthquake or hurricane hold-downs in the footer/base plate that aligns and can be secured from the foundation to the wall sections. The connection of the wall section to the foundation to have counter flashing at the concrete insert and the wall-to-wall sections can be self-flashed. The wall sections can have GPS locators for positioning the wall sections. Plumbing and electrical conduit creating circuits that can be integrated into the walls and are connected sealed or bonded together.

Waterproof engineered floor and wall planks have a veneer layer bonded with a plastic composite core, and an underlayer, preferably an underlayer of cork.

A removable fastener for securing a first stud to a second stud each stud having an aperture with lateral and bottom edges, includes a joining member with a first end and second end having first and second notches sized to admit lateral edges made adjacent by placing the studs back-to-back. Fastener includes a locking member that has a stud end configured to rest on the bottom edges of the apertures and a fastener end configured to attach to the joining member, holding the joining member in position within the apertures when the joining member is engaged within the apertures; the fastener end may include a clip.

A wooden panel component (1) is provided having at least two layers (4) of cross-pieces (5) arranged within its frame (2). The cross-pieces (5) are orientated obliquely to opposing frame sides (6,7) of the frame (2) for bracing the wooden panel element (1) and the frame (2) thereof.