In one embodiment of a tile and support structure, the tile and support structure may be configured to engage a tile such that the tile is oriented in a generally vertical plane. The support structure may include a riser tile engaged with both an upper riser support structure and a lower riser support structure.

Aspects of the present invention concern the production of draining porcelain stoneware tiles. Aspects of the present invention more particularly concern a tile with rectangular quadrilateral shape and edges with thickness (S), with a planar outer surface on which a series of variable geometry grooves are provided according to a drainage direction on the outer surface, wherein a drain fulcrum is defined at a central point on the substantially planar surface of the file and drainage direction are defined as extending radially inward from edges of the tile toward the drain fulcrum, and each of the plurality of grooves extends from the first end to the second end thereof in one of the drainage directions. The geometry of said groove can be triangular, trapezoidal or elliptical section. The vertexes of these embodiments form the bottom of said groove with height h, and said height h increases according to said drainage direction generating an inclined drainage plane of said groove.

Aspects of the present invention concern the production of draining porcelain stoneware tiles. Aspects of the present invention more particularly concern a tile with rectangular quadrilateral shape and edges with thickness (S), with a planar outer surface on which a series of variable geometry grooves are provided according to a drainage direction on the outer surface, wherein a drain fulcrum is defined at a central point on the substantially planar surface of the file and drainage direction are defined as extending radially inward from edges of the tile toward the drain fulcrum, and each of the plurality of grooves extends from the first end to the second end thereof in one of the drainage directions. The geometry of said groove can be triangular, trapezoidal or elliptical section. The vertexes of these embodiments form the bottom of said groove with height h, and said height h increases according to said drainage direction generating an inclined drainage plane of said groove.

A decorative stone panel is provided, which comprises a natural stone panel (1), a ceramic tile (4), a light source (2) and curable transparent adhesive resin (3). The ceramic tile (4) is bonded to the inner surface of the natural stone plate (1). Counter-relies (9) are provided on the inner surface of the natural stone plate (1). The stone thickness at the bottom of the counter-reliefs (9) is 1 mm to 3.5 mm. The counter-reliefs (9) form a counter-relief figure. A cavity is provided between the counter-reliefs (9) and the body of the ceramic tile (4). The light source (2) is provided within the cavity. The cavity is also filled with curable transparent adhesive resin (3) on the side of the counter-reliefs (9) The decorative panel has good light transmitting properties and the light-transmitting surface is less prone to damage.

Improved stripper solutions for removing photoresists from substrates are provided that typically have freezing points below about 0° C. and high loading capacities. The stripper solutions comprise dimethyl sulfoxide, quaternary ammonium hydroxide, and an alkanolamine having at least two carbon atoms, at least one amino substituent and at least one hydroxyl substituent, the amino and hydroxyl substituents attached to two different carbon atoms. Some formulations can additionally contain a secondary solvent. The formulations do not contain tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Methods for use of the stripping solutions are additionally provided.

A floor element for forming a floor covering, wherein the floor element comprises a decorative layer made of a ceramic material; a support layer arranged below the decorative layer; and a reinforcing layer arranged in between the decorative layer and the support layer, wherein the support layer comprises edges provided with coupling elements configured to realize a mechanical coupling with coupling elements of an adjacent floor element.

Provided are an additive composition for a tile cement mortar and a tile cement mortar including the additive composition for a tile cement mortar. The provided additive composition for a tile cement mortar includes cellulose ether and urea, wherein the amount of the urea is from 5 parts by weight to 43 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the cellulose ether.

Provided are an additive composition for a tile cement mortar and a tile cement mortar including the additive composition for a tile cement mortar. The provided additive composition for a tile cement mortar includes cellulose ether and urea, wherein the amount of the urea is from 5 parts by weight to 43 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the cellulose ether.

A method of installing a porcelain tile installation for vehicular use is provided. The method can include covering a compacted aggregate surface with a tile bed composition; compacting the tile bed; installing a plurality of porcelain tiles and spacers on the compacted tile bed surface in a predetermined pattern, such that each respective porcelain tile includes a thickness of about 3 cm to about 5 cm; such that one or more spacers includes a base component positioned under adjacent tiles and a vertical component positioned between a sidewall of the adjacent tiles, such that the vertical component provides a joint defined by a spaced distance between the adjacent tiles; adding a polymeric sand composition to each respective joint to obtain a joint-filled porcelain tile surface; compacting the joint-filled porcelain tile surface with a compactor; and activating the polymeric sand composition to obtain the porcelain tile installation for vehicular use.

A method of installing a porcelain tile installation for vehicular use is provided. The method can include covering a compacted aggregate surface with a tile bed composition; compacting the tile bed; installing a plurality of porcelain tiles and spacers on the compacted tile bed surface in a predetermined pattern, such that each respective porcelain tile includes a thickness of about 3 cm to about 5 cm; such that one or more spacers includes a base component positioned under adjacent tiles and a vertical component positioned between a sidewall of the adjacent tiles, such that the vertical component provides a joint defined by a spaced distance between the adjacent tiles; adding a polymeric sand composition to each respective joint to obtain a joint-filled porcelain tile surface; compacting the joint-filled porcelain tile surface with a compactor; and activating the polymeric sand composition to obtain the porcelain tile installation for vehicular use.