A cryogenic liquid tank (1) includes a reservoir (5) that includes a bottom portion (5a, 5a1, or 5a2) and a side wall (5b), a support portion (4) that supports the reservoir (5), and an intermediate member (10) that is provided between the reservoir (5) and the support portion (4). The support portion (4) includes an outer support portion (4b) which supports the side wall (5b), and an inner support portion (4a) which is disposed to be adjacent to an inner side of the outer support portion (4b), includes a heat insulating layer formed of an elastic material, and supports the bottom portion (5a, 5a1, or 5a2) of the reservoir (5). A cover portion (9a, 9a1, or 15) covering a boundary between the outer support portion (4b) and the inner support portion (4a) is provided between the support portion (4) and the intermediate member (10).

Described herein are apparatus, systems and methods useful in forming vertical structures.

Described herein are apparatus, systems and methods useful in forming vertical structures.

Underground thermal energy storage in a cylindrical or n-gonal prism shape with a vertical axis, comprising an inner volume for holding a liquid, an outer wall, an inner wall around the inner volume, and a filling layer between the inner wall and the outer wall. The inner wall comprises a series of modular wall parts provided with a heat exchanger for exchanging thermal energy with the liquid. The modular wall parts, arranged in rings, contact the inner volume and have an elastic sealing limiting liquid flow between the inner volume and the filling layer and taking up thermal expansion of the modular wall parts. The filling layer comprises an insulating layer designed to keep the outer wall below 30 C. when the inner volume is at least 90 C., and a structural layer for maintaining the insulating layer and the inner wall's modular wall parts in position.

Underground thermal energy storage in a cylindrical or n-gonal prism shape with a vertical axis, comprising an inner volume for holding a liquid, an outer wall, an inner wall around the inner volume, and a filling layer between the inner wall and the outer wall. The inner wall comprises a series of modular wall parts provided with a heat exchanger for exchanging thermal energy with the liquid. The modular wall parts, arranged in rings, contact the inner volume and have an elastic sealing limiting liquid flow between the inner volume and the filling layer and taking up thermal expansion of the modular wall parts. The filling layer comprises an insulating layer designed to keep the outer wall below 30 C. when the inner volume is at least 90 C., and a structural layer for maintaining the insulating layer and the inner wall's modular wall parts in position.

A calcium aluminate cement protective coating is resistant to sulfuric acid and can be used as a lining to protect surfaces in sulfur storage vessels and sulfuric acid storage vessels. The protective coating can include calcium aluminate cement, calcium aluminate based synthetic aggregates, and water. The protective coating is resistant to sulfur and sulfuric acid attack, and thus can be used to protect surfaces inside sulfur storage pits, sulfur storage tanks, and sulfuric acid storage containers.

A fluid retaining structure comprising an electronic leak detection and location, ELDL, system, wherein the fluid retaining structure comprises inner and outer liners (18, 16) that form electrical isolation layers of the ELDL system, wherein an electrically conductive signal layer (10, 12) of the ELDL system provides structural rigidity to the fluid retaining structure.

A fluid retaining structure comprising an electronic leak detection and location, ELDL, system, wherein the fluid retaining structure comprises inner and outer liners (18, 16) that form electrical isolation layers of the ELDL system, wherein an electrically conductive signal layer (10, 12) of the ELDL system provides structural rigidity to the fluid retaining structure.

The present invention includes: an independent tank constituting an inner tank to store a storage material therein; at least one sandwich plate modularized and manufactured include a metal plate provided in a pair opposite to each other, the metal plates having a reinforcing material formed therebetween, and a filler filled between the metal plates, the at least one sandwich plate surrounding the outer surface of the independent tank to constitute an outer tank; and an external reinforcing member formed on the outer surface of the sandwich plate.

Described herein are apparatus, systems and methods useful in forming vertical structures.