A drive apparatus for a closure element of a motor vehicle, including a tube defining an axis, a spindle disposed within the tube and configured to move from an extended position to a first retracted position and a second retracted position, a spindle nut disposed within the tube and operatively engaged to the spindle, a stop nut fixed to the spindle, and a damping element disposed between the spindle nut and the stop nut. The tube defines a first end stop face and the stop nut defines a second end stop face, and when the spindle is in the first retracted position, the damping element engages the first end stop face and is spaced apart from the stop nut.

A refrigerator including a cabinet; a door to open and close a storage compartment; a pusher to push the door in an opening direction; an elastic device configured to be compressed as the door is pushed by the pusher, and to transmit a compressed elastic force to the door to rotate the door farther in the opening direction; and a cam device including an upper cam and a lower cam, wherein the cam device is configured so that the upper cam is coupled to a lower portion of the door to be rotatable with the door, the lower cam is coupled to a lower hinge, and, after the elastic device transmits the compressed elastic force to the door, a first inclined surface of the upper cam slidably moves on a second inclined surface of the lower cam to farther rotate the door in the opening direction.

A door opening and closing device includes a motor which generates drive power for a door in an opening and closing direction of the door, a door position sensor which detects an opening and closing position of the door, and a controller which controls the motor based on the opening and closing position. The motor includes a stator having at least three-phase coils and a rotor. The motor generates the drive power when the rotor rotates with respect to the stator. The controller performs door holding control of generating, as the drive power, a holding force for holding the door at the opening and closing position, in a case where the opening and closing position is within a predetermined range. In the door holding control, the controller energizes at least two phases of the motor such that rotation of the rotor is braked to generate the holding force.